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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scienceit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Наука. Инновации. Технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science. Innovations. Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2308-4758</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scienceit-57</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКИ 0 ЗЕМЛЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНАЛИЗ КРУПНОМАСШТАБНОЙ ЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ АТМОСФЕРЫ ПО ДАННЫМ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЛИ ИЗ КОСМОСА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANALYSIS OF LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE BY DATA OF REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закинян</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakinyan</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закинян</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakinyan</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Закинян Р.Г., Закинян А.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Закинян Р.Г., Закинян А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakinyan R.G., Zakinyan A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scienceit.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/57">https://scienceit.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/57</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение: общее описание круговорота воды в природе или гидрологического цикла, состоящего из испарения, конденсации и осадков, слишком просто, чтобы объяснить высокую степень сложности вовлеченных явлений. Несколько физических процессов вносят существенный вклад в определение окончательного баланса (или локального дисбаланса), например, перенос водяного пара, сублимация, поверхностный сток, влажность почвы, инфильтрация, перколяция, поглощение растений и поток подземных вод. Облака и осадки, наряду с массовым обменом водяным паром, играют существенную роль в изменчивости климата как на глобальном, так и на региональном уровнях. Они влияют не только на климат, но и на погоду всех масштабов и определяют наличие воды. Материалы и методы исследований: круговорот воды в природе является наиболее важным физическим механизмом, обеспечивающим существование жизни на Земле. Его компоненты охватывают атмосферу, сушу и океаны. Цикл состоит из испарения, сублимации, переноса водяного пара, конденсации, осадков, стока, инфильтрации и просачивания, потока подземных вод и поглощения растений. Для правильного баланса глобального водного цикла необходимы наблюдения для всех этих процессов с глобальной точки зрения. В частности, осадки требуют постоянного мониторинга, поскольку они являются наиболее важным компонентом цикла, особенно в условиях изменяющихся климатических характеристик. Пассивные и активные датчики на борту метеорологических спутников и спутников окружающей среды теперь предоставляют достаточно полные данные, которые позволяют лучше измерять осадки из космоса, чтобы улучшить наше понимание ускорения / замедления цикла в текущих и прогнозируемых климатических условиях. Результаты исследований и их обсуждение: целью данной статьи является создание современной картины текущего состояния наблюдений за осадками из космоса с перспективой на ближайшее будущее спутниковой группировки, приложений для моделирования и управления водными ресурсами. В частности, в настоящее время проблема прогноза паводков является актуальной проблемой, как с научной, так и с практической точки зрения. Хотя в целом картина формирования паводков ясна и понятно, что они в основном определяются интенсивностью и продолжительностью осадков над бассейном реки, но математического подхода, в рамках которого можно было спрогнозировать для конкретного бассейна момент наступления паводков с достаточной заблаговременностью, все еще нет. Это связано с наличием множества взаимозависимых факторов, влияющих на накопление влаги в бассейне реки. Поэтому любая автоматизированная система прогноза паводка должна опираться на данные дистанционного зондирования Земли из космоса. Выводы: в работе получена новая математическая модель паводков с распределенными параметрами. Показано, что предложенная математическая модель описывает режим с обострением. Это значит, что за конечное время количество влаги в почве стремится к бесконечности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: a general description of the water cycle in nature or the hydrological cycle, consisting of evaporation, condensation and precipitation, is too simple to explain the high degree of complexity of the phenomena involved. Several physical processes contribute significantly to determining the final balance (or local imbalance), for example, water vapor transport, sublimation, surface runoff, soil moisture, infiltration, percolation, plant absorption, and groundwater flow. Clouds and precipitation, along with the massive exchange of water vapor, play a significant role in climate variability, both globally and regionally. They affect not only the climate, but also the weather of all scales and determine the availability of water. Materials and methods of the research: the water cycle in nature is the most important physical mechanism that ensures the existence of life on Earth. Its components cover the atmosphere, land and oceans. The cycle consists of evaporation, sublimation, water vapor transfer, condensation, precipitation, runoff, iniltration and seepage, groundwater flow and absorption of plants. For the correct balance of the global water cycle, observations are necessary for all these processes from a global point of view. In particular, precipitation requires constant monitoring, as it is the most important component of the cycle, especially in conditions of changing climatic characteristics. Passive and active sensors aboard meteorological and environmental satellites now provide sufficiently comprehensive data that allows better measurements of precipitation from space to improve our understanding of cycle acceleration / deceleration in current and predicted climatic conditions. The results of the study and their discussion: the purpose of this article is to create a modern picture of the current state of observations of precipitation from space with the prospect for the near future of a satellite constellation, applications for modeling and water resources management. In particular, at present the problem of flood forecasting is an urgent problem, both from a scientific and from a practical point of view. Although the overall picture of the formation of loods is clear and understandable that they are mainly determined by the intensity and duration of precipitation over the river basin, there is still no mathematical approach in which it was possible to predict the time of the onset of floods with a sufficient lead time. This is due to the presence of many interdependent factors affecting the accumulation of moisture in the river basin. Therefore, any automated flood forecasting system should rely on Earth remote sensing data from space. Conclusions: a new mathematical model of floods with distributed parameters is obtained. It is shown that the proposed mathematical model describes an aggravated regime. This means that over a inite time, the amount of moisture in the soil tends to ininity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>круговорот воды</kwd><kwd>гидрологический цикл</kwd><kwd>атмосферные осадки</kwd><kwd>водные ресурсы</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>спутниковое</kwd><kwd>дистанционное зондирование</kwd><kwd>бассейн реки</kwd><kwd>приток</kwd><kwd>сток</kwd><kwd>паводок</kwd><kwd>водосбор</kwd><kwd>подземные воды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water cycle</kwd><kwd>hydrological cycle</kwd><kwd>precipitation</kwd><kwd>water resources</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>satellite</kwd><kwd>remote sensing</kwd><kwd>river basin</kwd><kwd>inflow</kwd><kwd>drain</kwd><kwd>flood</kwd><kwd>reservoir</kwd><kwd>underground waters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider, U.; Finger, P.; Meyer-Christo_er, A.; Rustemeier, E.; Ziese, M.; Becker, A. 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