<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scienceit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Наука. Инновации. Технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science. Innovations. Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2308-4758</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2308-4758.2023.1.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scienceit-611</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GEOECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экологический мониторинг родников г. Ставрополя как объекта резервного водообеспечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Springs оf Stavropol аs а Reserve Water Supply Facility аnd Ecological Monitoring оf Springs оf Stavropol</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бегдай</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Begdai</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бегдай Инна Владимировна, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры экологии и биогеографии медико-биологического факультета, заведующая НУЛ биогеохимии окружающей среды</p><p>г. Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Begday Inna Vladimirovna, PhD, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Head of the Scientific and Educational Laboratory of Environmental Biogeochemistry</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">algae@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарь</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondar</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бондарь Елена Васильевна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры экологии и биогеографии медико-биологического факультета</p><p>г. Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bondar Elena Vasilyevna, Phd, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stalker-vin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харина</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Harina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харина Елена Ивановна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, доцент базовой кафедры микробиологии медико-биологического факультета</p><p>г. Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kharina Elena Ivanovna, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Basic Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">euphorbia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремеева</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yeremeeva</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еремеева Яна Витальевна, магистрант кафедры экологии и биогеографии медико-биологического факультета</p><p>г. Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yeremeeva Yana Vitalievna, Master’s degree student of the Department of Ecology and Biogeography of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eremeeva14012001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасюкова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasuykova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасюкова Марина Витальевна, магистрант кафедры экологии и биогеографии медико-биологического факультета</p><p>г. Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gasuykova Marina Vitalievna, Master’s degree student of the Department of Ecology and Biogeography of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gasyu17kova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бегдай И.В., Бондарь Е.В., Харина Е.И., Еремеева Я.В., Гасюкова М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бегдай И.В., Бондарь Е.В., Харина Е.И., Еремеева Я.В., Гасюкова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Begdai I.V., Bondar E.V., Harina E.V., Yeremeeva Y.V., Gasuykova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scienceit.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/611">https://scienceit.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/611</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В данной работе представлены результаты мониторинга природных родниковых вод г. Ставрополя. Комплексный анализ включал проведение гидрохимического и микробиологического анализов. Собственные исследования проб родниковой воды проводили в течение осени – весны 2021–2022 гг., всего проанализировано 45 проб из пяти родников г. Ставрополя – Корыта, Чаша, Михайловский, Холодный и Серафима Саровского.</p><p>Материалы и методы исследований. Отбор проб осуществлялся согласно ГОСТ 31861-2012 «Вода. Общие требования к отбору проб». Гидрохимический и микробиологический анализ проводился в соответствии требованиям СанПиН 2.1.4.1175-02 «Гигиенические требования к качеству воды нецентрализованного водоснабжения. Санитарная охрана источников», предъявляемых к качеству воды нецентрализованного водоснабжения.</p><p>Результаты исследований и их обсуждение. По результатам гидрохимического анализа качества воды обнаружено загрязнение Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe во все периоды исследования. Также отмечено превышение нормы по показателям хлоридов весной 2022 г. во всех родниках. Выяснили, что ИЗВ и ОМЧ значительно меняются как по датам отбора проб, так и по родникам. Наибольший показатель ИЗВ отмечен для Михайловского родника весной 2022 г., а ОМЧ для всех родников не превышает допустимой величины.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В результате проведенных исследований можно сделать вывод, что использование родниковой воды г. Ставрополе в случае чрезвычайной ситуации без рисков для здоровья населения возможно только из родников – Корыта, Чаша и Холодный, но с предварительной дополнительной очисткой и в течение непродолжительного времени.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This paper presents the results of monitoring the natural spring waters of Stavropol. The complex analysis includes hydrochemical and microbiological analyses. The research of spring water samples was carried out in a period from autumn to spring, 2021–2022, a total of 45 samples from five springs in Stavropol were analyzed – Koryta, Chasha, Mikhaylovskiy, Kholodnyy and Serafima Sarovskogo.</p><p>Materials and research methods. Sampling was carried out in accordance with GOST 31861-2012. Water. General requirements for sampling. Hydrochemical and microbiological analysis was carried out in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water of non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection of sources.</p><p>Research results and their discussion. According to the results of hydrochemical analysis of water quality, contamination of Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe was detected during all periods of the study. There was also an excess of the norm in terms of chlorides in all springs in spring, 2022. It was determined that the WPI and quantitative estimation of microorganisms vary significantly both by sampling dates and by springs. The highest rate of WPI was noted for the Mikhaylovskiy spring in the spring of 2022, and quantitative estimation of microorganisms does not exceed acceptable limits.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the use of spring water in Stavropol in case of an emergency without risks to public health is possible only from springs – Koryta, Chasha and Kholodnyy, but with preliminary additional cleaning and for a short time.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>источник питьевого водоснабжения</kwd><kwd>качество родниковой воды</kwd><kwd>тяжелые металлы</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>source of drinking water supply</kwd><kwd>spring water quality</kwd><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бегдай И.В. Бондарь Е.В., Перекопская Н.Е. Исследование загрязнения родников города Ставрополя методом факторного анализа // Наука. Инновации. Технологии. 2016. № 2. С. 77–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Begdai I.V., Bondar E.V., Perekopskaya N.E. Investigation of pollution of springs of Stavropol by factor analysis method // Science. Innovations. Technologies. 2016. No. 2. P. 77–88. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 31861-2012. Вода. Общие требования к отбору проб. М., Стандартинформ, 2019. 31 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GOST 31861-2012. Water. General requirements for sampling. M., Standartinform, 2019. 31 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 31954-2012. Вода питьевая. Методы определения жесткости воды. – Введ. 2014.01.01. М.: Стандартинформ, 2018. 18 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GOST 31954-2012. Drinking water. Methods for determining water hardness. – introduction. 2014.01.01. M.: Standartinform, 2018. 18 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ Р 57164-2016. Вода питьевая. методы определения запаха, вкуса и мутности. – Введ. 2018.01.01. М.: Стандартинформ, 2019. 23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GOST R 57164-2016. Drinking water. methods for determining odor, taste and turbidity. – introduction. 2018.01.01. M.: Standartinform, 2019. 23 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еремина А.В. Университетские родники г. Томска: состав и особенности обустройства // Проблемы геологии и освоения недр: труды XX Международного симпозиума имени академика М.А. Усова студентов и молодых ученых, посвященного 120-летию со дня основания Томского политехнического университета, Томск, 4–8 апреля 2016 года / Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет (ТПУ), Институт природных ресурсов (ИПР); Общество инженеров-нефтяников, международная некоммерческая организация, Студенческий чаптер; Под редакцией А. Ю. Дмитриева. Т. 1. Томск: Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, 2016. С. 648–650.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeremina А.V. University springs of Tomsk: composition and improvement features // Problems of geology and subsoil development : proceedings of the XX International Symposium named after Academician M.A. Usov of students and young scientists dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the founding of Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 4–8 April 2016 / National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), Institute of Natural Resources (IPR); Society of Petroleum Engineers, international non-profit organization, Student Chapter; Editor А. U. Dmitriev. Part 1. Tomsk: National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 2016. P. 648–650. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">МУК 4.2.1018-01. Методы контроля. Биологические и микробиологические факторы. Санитарно-микробиологический анализ питьевой воды. – Введ. 2001.07.01. М., 2001. 32 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MUC 4.2.1018-01 Methodical instructions. Control methods. Biological and microbiological factors. Sanitary and microbiological analysis of drinking water. 2001.07.01. Moscow, 2001. 32 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перекопская Н.Е., Бондарь Е.В. Гидрохимическая характеристика родниковых вод города Ставрополя // Научно-исследовательские публикации. 2015. № 2(22). С. 53–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perekopskaya N.E., Bondar E.V. Hydrochemical characteristics of spring waters of the city of Stavropol // Scientific research publications. 2015. № 2(22). P. 53–58. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ПНД Ф 14.1:2.159-2000. Методика выполнения измерений массовой концентрации сульфат-ионов в пробах природных и сточных вод турбидиметрическим методом. М., 2000. 14 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal environmental regulations. 14.1:2.159-2000. The method of measuring the mass concentration of sulfate ions in samples of natural and wastewater turbidimetric method. Moscow, 2000. 14 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ПНД Ф 14.1:2:4.139-98. Методика измерений массовых концентраций кобальта, никеля, меди, цинка, хрома, марганца, железа, серебра, кадмия и свинца в пробах питьевых, природных и сточных вод методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии. М., 1998. 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal environmental regulations. 14.1:2:4.139-98. The method of measuring the mass concentrations of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, iron, silver, cadmium and lead in samples of drinking, natural and wastewater by atomic absorption spectrometry. Moscow, 1998. 24 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова З.И., Круглова А.П., Якунин А.А. Оценка качества воды родников г. Рязань // Биоэкологическое краеведение: мировые, российские и региональные проблемы: Материалы 6-й Международной научно-практической конференции, посвящённой 105-летию со дня рождения д-ра биол. наук, профессора В.Е. Тимофеева и 95-летию со дня рож- дения канд. биол. наук, доцента А.И. Борисовой, Самара, 15 ноября 2017 года / отв. редактор С.И. Павлов. Самара: Самарский государственный социально-педагогический университет, 2017. С. 230–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova Z.I., Kruglova A.P., Yakunin A.A. Assessment of the water quality of springs in Ryazan // Bioecological local lore: world, Russian and regional problems : Materials of the 6th International Scientific and Practical conference dedicated to the 105th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor V.E. Timofeev and the 95th anniversary of the Birthday of Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor A.I. Borisova, Samara, November 15, 2017 / Responsible editor S.I. Pavlov. Samara: Samara State Socio-Pedagogical University, 2017. Р. 230–234. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РД 52.24.381-2006. Массовая концентрация нитритов в водах. Методика выполнения измерений фотометрическим методом с реактивом Грисса. Ростов-на-Дону, 2006. 27 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidance document 52.24.381-2006. The mass concentration of nitrites in the waters. The method of performing measurements by photometric method with Griss reagent. Rostov-on-Don, 2006. 27 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РД 52.24.407-2017 «Массовая концентрация хлоридов в водах. Методика измерений аргентометрическим методом». Ростов-на-Дону, 2017. 28 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidance document 52.24.407–2017 “Mass concentration of chlorides in waters. Measurement methodology by the argentometric method” Rostov-on-Don, 2017. 28 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Питьевая вода. Гигиенические требования к качеству воды централизованных систем питьевого водоснабжения. Контроль качества. М., 2002. 62 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for the water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control. M., 2002. 62 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">СанПиН 2.1.4.1175-02. Гигиенические требования к качеству воды нецентрализованного водоснабжения. Санитарная охрана источников. М., 2002. 17 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water of non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection of sources. M., 2002. 17 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соболева О.А., Анищенко Л.Н. Оценка родниковых вод Брянской области по данным эколого-химического и фитотоксикологического анализов // Экологическая химия. 2022. Т. 31. № 1. С. 40–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soboleva О.А., Anishchenko L.N. Assessment of spring waters of the Bryansk region according to ecological, chemical and toxicological analyses // Environmental chemistry. 2022. Part. 31. No. 1. Р. 40–45. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экологический паспорт г. Ставрополя. Ландшафт. Ставрополь: Орфей, 1995. 78 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Environmental passport of Stavropol. Landscape. Stavropol, Orpheus, 1995. 78 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdesselam S., Halitim A., Jan A. et al. Anthropogenic contamination of groundwater with nitrate in arid region: case study of southern Hodna (Algeria). Environ Earth Sci 70, 2013, 2129–2141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1834-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdesselam S., Halitim A., Jan A. et al. Anthropogenic contamination of groundwater with nitrate in arid region: case study of southern Hodna (Algeria). Environ Earth Sci 70, 2013, 2129–2141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1834-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashbolt N.J., Grabow W., Snozzi M. Indicators of microbialwater quality. In Water Quality: Guidelines, standards and health – assessment of risk and risk management for waterrelated infectious disease, (eds. L. Fewtrell and J. Bartram), 2001. Р. 289–315, IWA, London.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashbolt N.J., Grabow W., Snozzi M. Indicators of microbial water quality. In Water Quality: Guidelines, standards and health – assessment of risk and risk management for waterrelated infectious disease, (eds. L. Fewtrell and J. Bartram), 2001. Р. 289–315, IWA, London.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soulsby C., Chen M., Malcolm R. Towards groundwater protection in the UK: problems of integrating science and policy. In Water Quality: Processes and policy, (eds. S.T. Trudgill, D.E. Walling and B.W. Webb), 1999. Р. 151–179, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soulsby C., Chen M., Malcolm R. Towards groundwater protection in the UK: problems of integrating science and policy. In Water Quality: Processes and policy, (eds. S.T. Trudgill, D.E. Walling and B.W. Webb), 1999. Р. 151–179, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szczucińska A. Spring water chemistry in a formerly glaciated area of western Poland: the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors. Environ Earth Sci 75, 2016, 712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5548-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szczucińska A. Spring water chemistry in a formerly glaciated area of western Poland: the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors. Environ Earth Sci 75, 712, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5548-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
