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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scienceit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Наука. Инновации. Технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science. Innovations. Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2308-4758</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2308-4758.2025.3.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scienceit-732</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКИ ОБ АТМОСФЕРЕ И КЛИМАТЕ (физико-математические науки)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ATMOSPHERIC AND CLIMATE SCIENCES (physical and mathematical sciences)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика температур на европейской территории с 1500 по 2004 гг. и анализ их аномалий в современный период</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of European temperatures from 1500 to 2004 and analysis of their anomalies in the modern period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-0864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашабоков</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashabokov</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Азреталиевич Ашабоков – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий отделом физики облаков; заведующий отделом</p><p>Scopus ID: 6505916110</p><p>Researcher ID: K-4299-2015</p><p>д. 2, пр. Ленина, Нальчик, 360030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris A. Ashabokov – Dr. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), professor, Head of the Department of Cloud Physics; Head of Department at the Institute of Informatics and Regional Management Problems</p><p>Scopus ID: 6505916110</p><p>Researcher ID: K-4299-2015</p><p>2, Lenin av., Nalchik, 360030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ashabokov.boris@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-6047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ташилова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tashilova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Амарбиевна Ташилова – доктор физико-математических наук, доцент, ВНС лаборатории микрофизики</p><p>Scopus ID: 57191577384</p><p>Researcher ID: К–4321–2015</p><p>д. 2, пр. Ленина, Нальчик, 360030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla A. Tashilova – Dr. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), associate professor, Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Cloud Microphysics</p><p>Scopus ID: 57191577384</p><p>Researcher ID: K–4321–2015</p><p>2, Lenin av., Nalchik, 360030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tashilovaa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-1563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кешева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kesheva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лара Асировна Кешева – кандидат физико-математических наук, СНС лаборатории атмосферных конвективных явлений</p><p>Scopus ID: 57191577471</p><p>Researcher ID: К-4261-2015</p><p>д. 2, пр. Ленина, Нальчик, 360030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lara A. Kesheva – Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Atmospheric Convective Phenomena</p><p>Scopus ID: 57191577471</p><p>Researcher ID: К-4261-2015</p><p>2, Lenin av., Nalchik, 360030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kesheva.lara@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-3587</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теунова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teunova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Вячеславовна Теунова – кандидат физико-математических наук, СНС лаборатории микрофизики облаков</p><p>Scopus ID: 57191571952</p><p>Researcher ID: К-4312-2015</p><p>д. 2, пр. Ленина, Нальчик, 360030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya V. Teunova – Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Cloud Microphysics</p><p>Scopus ID: 57191571952</p><p>Researcher ID: К-4312-2015</p><p>2, Lenin av., Nalchik, 360030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata0770@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высокогорный геофизический институт; Институт информатики и проблем регионального управления КБНЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>High-Mountain Geophysical Institute; Institute of Informatics and Regional Management Problems of the KBSC RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высокогорный геофизический институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>High-Mountain Geophysical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ашабоков Б.А., Ташилова А.А., Кешева Л.А., Теунова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ашабоков Б.А., Ташилова А.А., Кешева Л.А., Теунова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ashabokov B.A., Tashilova A.A., Kesheva L.A., Teunova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scienceit.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/732">https://scienceit.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/732</self-uri><abstract><p>Объектом исследования является изменение сезонных и годовых температур на европейской территории с 1500 по 2004 гг., полученных из открытых источников с использованием прокси-данных (1500–1900 гг.) и инструментальных данных (1900–2004 гг.), а также климатические изменения на территории Северного полушария и на юге европейской территории России (ЕТР) с 1961 по 2024 гг. по данным инструментальных измерений. Для моделей годовых и сезонных температур на европейской территории, построенных методом синусоидальной регрессии, определены периодичности, моделирующие процесс на статистически значимом уровне. Регрессионный анализ показывает, что все тренды положительные и, несмотря на небольшие значения R2 , значимые на 5 %-м уровне. В ряду годовых температур на европейской территории холодные экстремумы имеют место до XX столетия, а все теплые экстремумы – в XX и в начале XXI вв. В результате спектрального анализа получено, что для ряда среднегодовой температуры на европейской территории с 1500 по 2004 гг. выделены основные периоды: 30-летний и 3–4-летняя квазипериодичность. Используя вейвлет-преобразование, определены периодичности рядов в разных временных масштабах, что демонстрирует тот факт, что статистически значимые масштабы периодичностей во временном ряде 1500–2004 гг. не только присутствуют, но и эволюционируют. Линейный тренд годовых температур Северного полушария и юга ЕТР в современный период (1961–2024 гг.) демонстрирует устойчивый рост со скоростью 0,24 °С/10 лет и 0,28 °С/10 лет. В современный период как для Северного полушария, так и для юга ЕТР определяющими являются внутридекадные периодичности годовых температур (2–3–4-летние). Из модели синусоидальной регрессии следует, что периодичность в 3 года, формирующая ряд, определяется как основная уже при использовании первых трех гармоник в модели. В формировании температурного режима добавляются 9–10-летние периоды, определяемые, вероятно, известной цикличностью солнечной активности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The object of the study is the change in seasonal and annual temperatures in the European territory from 1500 to 2004, obtained from open sources using proxy data (1500–1900) and instrumental data (1900–2004), as well as climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and in the south of European Russia from 1961 to 2024 according to instrumental measurements. For the models of annual and seasonal European temperatures built by the sinusoidal regression method, periodicities were determined that simulate the process at a statistically significant level. Regression analysis showed that all trends are positive and, despite small R2 values, significant at the 5 % level. In a series of European annual temperatures, cold extremes occurred before the 20th century, and all warm extremes in the 20th and early 21st centuries. As a result of spectral analysis, it was found that for the European average annual temperature series from 1500 to 2004, the main periods were identified: 30-year and 3–4-year quasi-periodicity. Using the wavelet transform, the periodicities of the series were determined on different time scales, which demonstrated the fact that statistically significant periodicity scales in the time series of 1500-2004 are not only present but they evolve. The linear trend of annual temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere and the south of the European Russia in the modern period (1961-2024) demonstrates a steady increase at a rate of 0.24 °C/10 years and 0.28 °C/10 years. In the modern period, both for the Northern Hemisphere and for the south of the European Russia, intra-decadal periodicities of annual temperatures (2–3–4 years) are decisive. From the sinusoidal regression model, it follows that the 3-year periodicity that forms the series is defined as the main one already when using the first three harmonics in the model. In the formation of the temperature regime, 9–10-year periods are added, determined, probably, by the known cyclicity of solar activity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>временной ряд температуры</kwd><kwd>аномалии</kwd><kwd>экстремумы</kwd><kwd>периоды</kwd><kwd>спектральный анализ</kwd><kwd>вейвлет-преобразование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European temperatures</kwd><kwd>anomalies</kwd><kwd>extremes</kwd><kwd>periods</kwd><kwd>spectral analysis</kwd><kwd>wavelet transform</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folland CK et al. Observed climate variability and change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, eds Houghton JT, et al. 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