INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONS

Introduction. The article presents the method of integral assessment of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment as an integral part of a comprehensive environmental assessment of the territory of Russia. The methodology is based on the aggregation of indicators of human impact on the most important components of the natural environment. Materials and methods of the research. The calculated relative indicators of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment for the assessment were compiled into two data sets: for 2018 and for 2010-2018. The first set of data was used to analyze the spatial distribution of environmental assessment characteristics, and the second set was used to retrospectively analyze the corresponding estimates. Based on the obtained set of indicators for the study, a two-stage evaluation algorithm developed by one of the authors was chosen [Tikunov, 1997]. The applied graphical technique of color separation of data related to various components of the natural environment improves the visibility of the results of the assessment, and is also reflected in the mapping of the integral index of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment using the color triangle method. The results of the study and their discussion. As a result of the calculations carried out for the data set for 2018, four vectors were formed containing the values of the partial indices of anthropogenic impact on atmospheric air, surface water, soil cover and the integral index of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, respectively, for all the regions of Russia provided with statistics. All indices are formed according to the principle of increasing the anthropogenic impact when the value of the corresponding index increases. For a data set that includes the values of indicators from 2010 to 2018, a similar set of indices is also calculated, and 4 matrices of dimension 81 x 9 for the regions of Russia for each year are formed. These matrices allow not only to identify spatial patterns of distribution of the level of anthropogenic impact, but also to study the dynamics of this phenomenon in relation to the regions of Russia. Conclusions. Using this method of assessing the anthropogenic impact on the natural environ- ment, it is possible to effectively identify the regions of Russia in which active actions of state authorities are required to reduce environmental pollution. This is achieved by simultaneously assessing each region in terms of the magnitude of the anthropogenic impact, the components of the natural environment that are most affected, as well as the dynamics of this impact.

Anthropogenic impact, environmental situation, Russian regions, integral indices

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