LABORATORY STUDIES OF INCREASING THE ICE-FORMING EFFICIENCY OF PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS BASED ON AD-1

Introduction. Currently, silver iodide AgI is one of the most widely used reagents when exposed to supercooled clouds in order to prevent hail and precipitation. This is primarily due to the fact that the crystal structure of AgI is similar to the structure of natural ice, which ensures its effective interaction with the cloudy environment and the formation of the necessary crystallization centers in its supercooled part. At the same time, the effectiveness of this reagent when interacting with a supercooled cloudy environment at temperatures from minus 6 &&&C and above decreases. Therefore, studies related to the creation of new reagents and increasing the efficiency of existing ice-forming reagents are still relevant. Materials and methods of the research. A promising direction in this area is the use of various chemical additives leading to the production of particles with a crystal lattice closer to the crystal lattice of ice. It was proposed to use finely ground zinc powder as such an additive, since zinc crystals have a hexagonal packing of atoms, which is very similar to the structure of ice. Laboratory experiments to determine the yield of crystallization nuclei of the pyrotechnic composition AD-1 were carried out according to the technique presented in [1]. The results of the study and their discussion. The article presents the results of laboratory studies to further increase the effectiveness of pyrotechnic compositions used in anti-hail products such as "Alazan-6" and "Alazan-9". The average values of the yield of crystallization nuclei of the ice-forming component of AD-1 with the addition of zinc (6 %) were obtained, which are an order of magnitude higher than the specific yield of the pyrotechnic composition of AD-1. Conclusions. Analysis of the experimental material presented in the article allows us to conclude that the average values of the yield of crystallization nuclei of the ice-forming component of AD-1 with the addition of zinc (6 %) increase by an order of magnitude, compared with the speciic yield of the pyrotechnic composition of AD-1 in the temperature range from zero to below. The use of AD-1 with zinc additives instead of the AD-1 pyrotechnic composition will significantly reduce the consumption of the reagent when actively influencing the clouds.

active influences, pyrotechnic composition, reagent, ice-forming particles, zinc

1. Хучунаев Б.М., Байсиев Х.-М.Х., Геккиева С.О., Будаев А.Х. Экспериментальные исследования льдообразующей эффективности пиротехнического состава АД-1 с добавками цинка // Труды ГГО. Вып. 597, 2020. С. 51-60.

2. Wegener A. Thermodynamic der Atmosphere. Leipzig, 1911. P. 311.

3. Vonnegut B. Experiments with silver-iodide smokes in the natural atmosphere. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1950, Vol. 31.

4. Никандров В.Я. Искусственные воздействия на облака и туманы. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1959. С. 271.

5. Закинян Р.Г. Кинетика роста льда на поверхностях предметов различных форм, помещенных в поток переохлажденного аэрозоля // Материалы V научно-технической конференции СК ГТУ, 2001. С. 20.

6. Абшаев А.М., Абшаев М.Т., Барекова М.В., Малкарова А.М. Руководство по организации и проведению противоградовых работ. Нальчик, 2014. С. 219-237.

7. Khuchunaev B.M., Baysiev Kh.-M.Kh., Gekkieva S.O., Budaev A.Kh. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Researches of ice-forming efficiency of products of sublimation of pyrotechnic compositions consisting of silver iodide AgI particles and zinc oxide. 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.1083 012097.

8. Ивлев Л.С., Довгалюк Ю.А. Физика атмосферных аэрозольных систем. СПб.: НИИХ СПбГУ, 1999. С. 76.

9. Вопросы физики облаков. Сборник избранных статей ГГО. Астерион, СПб., 2008. С. 98-106.

10. Емельянов В.Н., Несмеянов П.А., Эрландц Н.Ю., Шакиров И.Н. Результаты разработки новых пиротехнических составов льдообразующего аэрозоля для средств активного воздействия на облака // Труды юбилейной конф., посвящ. 40-летию начала производств. работ по защите от града. Нальчик: Печатный двор, 2011. С. 259-260.

11. Хучунаев Б.М., Геккиева С.О., Будаев А.Х. Аппаратура, методика и предварительные результаты измерения удельного заряда на частицах реагента, образующихся при возгонке пиротехнических составов // Труды ГГО. Вып. 599, 2020. С. 128.

12. Хучунаев Б.М., Панаэтов В.П., Хучунаев А.Б. Исследование образования нанотрубок оксида цинка // Материалы Международного симпозиума, посвященного 20-летию создания ФГБУ науки Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН, 2013. С. 61-63.

13. Хучунаев Б.М., Панаэтов В.П., Хучунаев А.Б. Аппаратура и методика лабораторного моделирования начальной стадии роста града // Известия высших учебных заведений. Северо-Кавказский регион. № 4 (158), 2010. С. 64-67.