DYNANICS AND MODERN REGIME OF THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY OVER CENTRAL PRECAUCASUS TERRITORY

Introduction: In the Central Ciscaucasia, which represents the Stavropol Territory, such dangerous meteorological phenomena as thunderstorms, hail, heavy rain, strong wind, heat, and drought are most often observed. Due to the high frequency of thunderstorms, which are also often accompanied by intense downpours and hail, the study of both the modern thunderstorm mode and its dynamics is of particular interest. When solving the tasks of monitoring thunderstorm activity, the analysis of multi-year data of visual observations of thunderstorms has no alternative today. Materials and methods: The analysis of the current mode of thunderstorm activity in the region was carried out according to daily eight-term observations of sixteen meteorological stations in the Stavropol Territory. Analyzed as daily data - the time of development of the thunderstorm process, the actual duration of an individual thunderstorm, the number of thunderstorms during the day, and monthly and annual observational data - the number of days with thunderstorms, the total annual and seasonal duration of thunderstorms, the average duration of thunderstorms per day with thunderstorms. In addition, the characteristics of thunderstorm activity, averaged over various long-term observation periods, were calculated and analyzed. In addition, the aspect of the daily distribution of days with a thunderstorm - separate days with a thunderstorm and periods with daily thunderstorms, which was never considered by other researchers, was analyzed. Results of the research: An analysis of a half-century series of meteorological data showed that, in general, the Central Pre-Caucasus is an area of rather high thunderstorm activity. At the same time, the differences in the level of thunderstorm activity above the lowland, flat, elevated and foothill parts of the region are quite large. In the foothills of days with a thunderstorm, for the warm period of the year, twice as many as above the central, elevated part of the region, and three times more than over the northern, lowland lowland. Discussion and conclusion: Despite a slight decrease in thunderstorm activity in most parts of the territory, Central Ciscaucasia still remains an area of increased thunderstorm activity, as evidenced by both the relatively high frequency of thunderstorm processes in general and the scale and intensity of individual processes. A decrease in thunderstorm activity is noted in the flat part of the Central Ciscaucasia, in the central regions there are no significant changes in the thunderstorm regime, while in the foothill zone there is a significant increase in thunderstorm activity, manifested in an increase in the number of thunderstorms and the total duration of thunderstorms. At the same time, the average duration of a separate thunderstorm process, which has increased by 25 minutes on average over half a century, has even decreased over most of the territory in recent years. There is a tendency to decrease single days with thunderstorms and an increase in the frequency of occurrence of periods with daily thunderstorms. The frequency of night thunderstorms has also increased.

грозовая активность, повторяемость, продолжительность, изменение климата, орография, конвекция, циркуляция атмосферы, thunderstorm activity, frequency, duration, climate change, orography, convection, atmospheric circulation

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