Landslide аnd Landslide-Talus Processes оn the Highways оf the Republic оf Ingushetia

Introduction. A significant impact on the geological environment of the Republic of Ingushetia and the development of dangerous slope processes is exerted by the construction, reconstruction and operation of highways, which make significant changes to the natural environment of mountain slopes. The article provides an assessment of the degree of activity and danger of landslide and landslide-talus processes on the highways of the republic for 2005–2022.

Materials and research methods. The key method used in this work was the analysis of various materials containing information on the activity of the manifestation of landslide and avalanche-talus processes on the highways of the Republic of Ingushetia. The main sources used were literary sources, reports and published data of the Center for State Monitoring of the State of the Subsoil (GMSN) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Hydrospetsgeology» for 2005–2022.

Research results and their discussion. The authors characterized the conditions and causes, as well as assessed the activity and danger of landslide and landslide-talus manifestations on the highways of the Republic of Ingushetia for 2005–2022. The paper provides information on the extent of the destruction and deformation of the roadway.

Conclusions. The analysis of the activity of landslide manifestations on the roads of the Republic of Ingushetia over the past 18 years has shown that the greatest extent of landslide activity was observed in 2010, 2016 and 2017, and a very weak degree of activity was observed in 2008. The maximum landslide activity on the roads of the republic was observed in 2005 and 2013, and the minimum – in 2019. According to the results of the study, the sections of the republic’s highways that are most susceptible to landslide and landslide-talus processes have been identified. The performed analysis indicates the predominant development of landslide manifestations on the roads of the Malgobek administrative district, and landslide-talus – on the roads of the Jeyrakh district.

1. State reports "On the state of protection of the population and territories of the Republic of Ingushetia from natural and manmade emergencies in 2004-2021." Magas: The Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Republic of Ingushetia, 2005–2022. (In Russ.).

2. State report on the state of natural resources and the environment of the Republic of Ingushetia in 2017. Magas: Com-mittee of the Republic of Ingushetia on Ecology and Natural Resources, 2017. 66 p. (In Russ.).

3. Report on the state and use of land in the Republic of Ingushetia in 2010, Magas: Department of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography in the Republic of Ingushetia, 2011. 55 p. (In Russ.).

4. Newsletters on the state of the subsoil on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2004–2021. Issue 28-45. Moscow: Geoinformmark, 2005–2022. (In Russ.).

5. Newsletters on the state of the subsoil of the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation for 2015–2021. Issue 12–18. Essentuki: Hydrospetsgeology, 2016–2022. (In Russ.).

6. Information reports on the manifestations of exogenous geological processes on the territory of the Russian Federation (by quarters) for 2007–2022. Moscow: Hydrospetsgeology, 2007–2022. (In Russ.).

7. Information reports on the manifestations of exogenous geological processes on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District (by quarters) for 2006–2022. Essentuki: Hydrospetsgeology, 2006–2022. (In Russ.).

8. Kolomenskiy N.V. Special engineering geology. M.: Nedra, 1969. 335 p. (In Russ.).

9. Korchagina E.A., Gedueva M.M., Ataev Z.V., Dzhappuev D.R., Drozdov A.L. Geoecological studies on the territory of the North Caucasus // Izvestiya Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2021. No. 2 (100). P. 126–138. (In Russ.).

10. Kuhl E.V. Assessment of the susceptibility of the territories of the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic to dangerous natural processes // Grozny Natural Science Bulletin. 2020. Vol. 5. No. 2 (20). P. 30–41. (In Russ.).

11. Kuntzel V.V. Regularities of the landslide process on the European territory of the USSR. M.: Nedra, 1980. 213 p. (In Russ.).

12. Maslov N.N., Kotov M.F. Engineering geology. M.: Stroyizdat, 1972. 340 p. (In Russ.).

13. Passport of the republican target program "Risk reduction and mitigation of the consequences of emergency situations on the territory of the Republic of Ingushetia for 2007–2010". Magas, 2007. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/819000112 (date of address: 06/16/2020). (In Russ.).

14. Razumov V.V., Adzhiev A.H., Razumova N.V., Glushko A.Ya.,Shagin S.I., Kondratieva N.V., Pritvorov A.P., Kolychev A.G., Shapovalov M.A., Dangerous natural processes of the Northern Caucasus. M.: Feoria, 2013. 320 p. (In Russ.).

15. Razumov V.V., Bogdanova N.D., Razumova N.V. Analysis of landslide activity in the North Caucasus in the XXI century // GeoRisk. 2021. Volume XV. No. 1. P. 8–25. (In Russ.).

16. Razumov V.V., Viskhadzhieva K.S., Bogdanova N.D., Lysenko A.V. Danger and activity of landslide activity on the territory of the Caucasian Mineral Waters // Nauka. Innovation. Technologies. 2020. No. 1. P. 47–72. (In Russ.).

17. Razumov V.V., Likhovid A.A., Shapovalov D.A., Shagin S.I., Razumova N.V., Bogdanova N.D. Landslide activity in the North Caucasus in the XXI century. M.: Feoria – Stavropol: North Caucasus federal university, 2022. 368 p. (In Russ.).

18. Razumov V.V., Razumova N.V. Landslide-talus processes in the territory of the North Caucasus // Georisk. 2013. No. 1. P. 44–52. (In Russ.).

19. Sergeeva G.A., Andreeva E.S., Adamyan V.L. Conditions of formation of mudflows of the Republic of Ingushetia (East Caucasus) // Successes of modern natural science. 2020. No. 4. P. 151–156. (In Russ.).

20. Quadrilingual encyclopedic dictionary of terms on physical geography / edited by A.I. Spiridonov. M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1980. 703 p. (In Russ.).