Activity of the Landslide Zones in the Kuban Plain (Stavropol Krai)

Introduction: Stavropol Krai is subdivided into several geomorphological areas. One of them is the Kuban Plain, bounded by the Kuban and Bolshoi Zelenchuk River valleys and administrative boundaries. It's a coastal plain up to 30 km wide with absolute altitudes of 150-200 m. Due to the peculiarities of the hydrogeological and geomorphological structure the landslide processes are typically for this territory. They pose a threat to settlements and economic facilities. The purpose of the paper was to study the scale of landslide distribution and the activity of their manifestations in the landslide zones of the Kuban plain. Materials and methods of the research: main research method was the analysis of various sources containing information on the distribution and activity of landslides in Kuban plain. Cartographic method was also used to visualize the landslide zones distribution in the study area. The results of the study and their discussion: conditions for activation and spread of landslide processes in the Kuban plain were analyzed. It was found that factors of landslide activation are: atmospheric precipitation, erosion and less frequently - groundwater level changes and technogenic impact. The main landslides and potential landslide areas, which are located on the slopes of the ravines and ledges of the fluvial terraces are united into three landslide zones, which are characterized by different manifestation activity and hazard level. Unfortunately, now it's impossible to present a complete picture of landslide development, as there are no large-scale landslide survey materials and no maps of the exact location of the main landslide massifs within the Kuban plain. Conclusions: systematization and analysis allow to assess the conditions, formation causes, scale of development and the regime of activation of the landslides in the Kuban Plain in 2005-2019. During this period, natural factors had the greatest impact on landslide activity. Regular observations allow to assess the degree of landslide activity in different zones of the Kuban plain. This process prevailed in the Kazminskaya landslide zone. The most significant landslide motions were observed in 2005, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2018. According to the survey results, the settlements most exposed to landslide processes were identified, and information on the scale of deformation of residential houses and economic facilities was provided.

landslide processes, landslides, landslide motions, landslide landforms, landslide activation, landslide activity

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