Regional peculiarities of crime in Russia

In the article the peculiarities of the dynamics of the number of offenses in Russia for 1990-2014 are studied. The geography of crime within the Russian Federation has been determined. Significant differences in the dynamics and the level of crime by federal districts and regions of the country are revealed. The reasons of the differences, as well as the geocriminological factors (risk factors) that affect the state of crime in a given region are determined. It is justified that one of the main reasons for the growth of crime in our country is the deterioration of people's living standards. Particular attention is paid to the latency of crime, as well as to the increase in crime rates in the Central Federal District. The geography of the main types of crimes against the person is shown. Materials and methods of research: To calculate the crime rate, geographers most often use the simplest indicator - the total crime rate (TCR) - the ratio of the number of crimes per year per 1000 inhabitants (in %). tCr is quite simply calculated and is very convenient for comparing the level of crime in different territories. However, due to a very complex structure of crimes, their severity, the influence of various factors, the latency (secrecy) of crimes, etc. TCR provides only an approximate assessment of the situation. As a result, many other special indicators are used in geocryminology. The results of the research: The increase in crime rates in 1990-2014 occurred in all federal districts with the exception of the North Caucasus. At the same time in the district in 2002-2004 TCR was less than 10 %% and in 2005-2007 - more. Then there was a decline in TCR. As a result, the PCR of the North Caucasus was 2.1 times less than the average Russian indicator. In regions with a high level of crime (Zabaykalsky and Primorsky Krai, Khakassia, Tyva and others) there are many common geocryminological factors (risk factors) and one of the main factors, with abundant natural resources, there is extreme poverty of the population, its degradation. The top five regions with the lowest crime rates in 2014 included the Chechen Republic, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia and the Tula region. Crime latency in the North Caucasian republics was noted above. However, in the North Caucasus "work" certain factors that actually affect the reduction of crime. So, in Chechnya, there was a fairly tough regime, signiicantly limiting crime. Local traditions also play an important role as they have a great inluence in other republics as well. The only non-North Caucasian region included in the «ive» is the Tula region, in which, along with the Ryazan and Belgorod regions, there is indeed a low crime rate. Conclusion: A decrease in crime rates (or keeping them at the same level) is possible with an improvement of the economic situation, decrease in the level of unemployment, real improvement of living conditions of the population.

aime, regions, latency, coefficients, geocriminology, factors, standard of living, murders and attempted murders, intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm, rape

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