The article analyzes the evolution of the Arkhyz tourist and recreational region in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. It examines the history of its development from the early 20th century to the present. It demonstrates that unique natural and climatic conditions and rich historical and cultural heritage have predetermined the transformation of the economic profile of the region from an agricultural settlement and a local spa resort to a center of mass Soviet tourism and currently one of the leading all-season ski resorts in the Russian Federation. At the beginning of the 20th century, the region was primarily viewed as a promising mountain resort offering therapeutic benefits. During the Soviet period, particularly since the 1960s, Arkhyz emerged as a center for mass hiking, skiing, mountaineering, and excursion tourism of national significance. An extensive network of agencyspecific tourist centers, shelters, and routes was created. By the early 1970s, Arkhyz turned into a hub for all-Union and regional routes, skiing, and weekend getaways for residents of the North Caucasus. However, the ski infrastructure remained underdeveloped. The current stage of development of the tourist and recreational area is associated with the construction of the all-season tourist and recreational complex Arkhyz as part of the North Caucasus tourism cluster. The stages of construction and commissioning of infrastructure facilities, the dynamics of infrastructure development, and the growth of tourist flow are analyzed.

State policy for the social and cultural adaptation of migrants forms uniform legal and organizational requirements, but their practical adoption depends on the territorial environment and customary ways of perceiving institutions. The study proposes a geoethological model for taking into account the mental factor in regional policy on the social adaptation of migrants. The paper utilizes the provisions of the geography of mentality and the author’s geoethological concept. The study is based on normative-legal, systemic-structural, institutional and comparative-geographical analyses. The source base included documents on migration and national policy of the Russian Federation, studies of the OrenburgKazakhstan borderland and foreign models of acculturation and integration. The mental factor is defined as a mediator between the communicated norm and actual behavior. A matrix of six blocks is proposed: everyday territorial environment, cultural and ethnogeographic structure, territorial identity, family and gender relations, perception of social and institutional hierarchy, and spatial mythologemes. The study found that metropolitan areas, industrial hubs, multiethnic regions, borderlands, small towns, and rural areas require different sets of adaptation tools. The study concludes that territorially targeted policies should be assessed based on the growth of legal agency, independent use of institutions, language practice, intergroup contacts, and a sense of belonging. The model eliminates ethnic profiling and shifts the unit of analysis from the group to the specific interaction situation.

The article examines the territorial structure of team sports in Russia since the beginning of the 21st century. The timespan was preconditioned by the fact that those were the first decades of the new century that the country’s sports infrastructure developed actively and new regional centers of sporting strength emerged. Based on the data collected for 22 sports, a rating system for assessing the development of team sports has been proposed, and an overall score rating for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has been compiled. Thу approach allows not only to establish the presence of strong teams in individual regions but also to quantitatively compare the level of development of the sports environment across the entire country. Using the concept of territorial structures, two of its main parameters are studied: territorial concentration and territorial differentiation. The degree of territorial concentration of team sports is assessed, and its factors are identified: population and the level of economic development of the region. The process of territorial differentiation and further specialization of regions in specific team sports is examined. In the team sports under consideration, the structure of regional representation is determined using the coefficient of variation. It shows how evenly or, conversely, how polarizing the distribution of sports achievements is across the regions. Based on the territorial characteristics of the development of team sports, types of territorial structure for the regions of Russia have been proposed, specifically from monocentric models with one strong sports center to polycentric systems with several equally significant centers. The territorial structure of team sports in Russia has been examined at the local level of individual cities. A typology of Russian cities has been proposed based on the level and structure of sports achievements in team sports. The phenomenon of regional sports leadership has been studied at the local level.

The article studies changes in seasonal and annual temperatures and precipitation at the weather stations in the plain terrain of Dagestan: Kizlyar, Izberg, Derbent, and Makhachkala over the period 1961-2024. The analysis of average temperature values revealed a statistically significant increase in climatic normals during the transition from the baseline period of 1961-1990 to the current period of 1991-2020 at all studied meteorological stations in all seasons and throughout the year, except for Makhachkala, where a significant increase in climatic normals was observed only in the summer season and the year as a whole. Calculation of the variation coefficients revealed instability in the temperature regime in the winter season and an insignificant degree of data dispersion in the remaining seasons. The trend analysis revealed that during 1961 -2024, a statistically significant increase in average annual temperature was observed at all weather stations. At the Kizlyar, Izberg, and Derbent weather station, the highest temperature increase occurred in summer, while at the Makhachkala weather station, it occurred in winter. In 19912020, the rate of increase in average annual temperatures was exclusively positive and higher than in 1961-1990. Quantile analysis revealed one extreme value below the threshold in the fall of 1993 at all meteorological stations.
Annual precipitation totals increased to a statistically significant level at all weather stations during the transition from the 1961-1990 climate norm to the 1991-2020 norm, except for Kizlyar. In the period 1961-2024, annual precipitation totals had small coefficients of variation. For seasonal precipitation totals, the variation coefficients are high, indicating high instability, unevenness and unpredictability. Quantile analysis of average annual, average seasonal, and average monthly precipitation totals revealed that over 1961-2024 the identified extreme values at all stations were above the threshold.

The paper presents a method for predicting flood hazards based on the integration of predictive data from the NCEP GFS (Global Forecast System) global atmosphere model into a statistical scheme. The relevance of the study is driven by the increasing frequency and destructiveness of floods affecting infrastructure, as well as the scarcity of the ground-based hydrometeorological network in the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus. It is proposed to compensate for the information deficit of spatially distributed data by utilizing hydrometeorological fields from global numerical modeling. The aim of the work is to develop a predictive model that links the thermodynamic parameters of the atmosphere, precipitation amounts, and the excess water levels in rivers above the datum line (average longterm level). The research materials included archival data from hydrological field observations of floods and the associated synoptic conditions. To identify predictors of hazardous convective phenomena, the vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and wind velocity vectors on standard isobaric surfaces were analyzed. The application of multiple regression analysis methods in the SPSS software environment yielded equations describing the relationship between flood intensity, total precipitation over the preceding three days, and the expected amount of precipitation on the day of runoff formation. Extreme precipitation forecasting for the current day is based on regression relationships of atmospheric thermodynamic indices extracted from the GFS Global Model. The implementation results of the developed approach will enable warnings of adverse weather conditions 24 hours prior to their onset. This time interval optimizes the decision-making process for government authorities and civil protection units when planning preventive measures in areas prone to catastrophic floods.

At late stages of field development, maintaining well productivity is complicated by the multifactorial influence of geological-physical and technogenic processes. The traditional selection of geological and technical measures (GTM) based on individual indicators (skin factor, water cut, injectivity) does not account for the diversity of degradation mechanisms within the reservoir – near-wellbore zone – well system. The primary cause of limited GTM effectiveness and reduced productivity of oil and gas wells during stimulation of the near-wellbore zone has been studied. It has been revealed that this outcome is due to the lack of a comprehensive consideration of the combined set of geological-filtration, hydrodynamic, physico-chemical, and geomechanical factors in the GTM selection process for enhancing and/or restoring well productivity, wherein decisions were made solely on the basis of individual diagnostic indicators. It has been established that an innovative technological approach based on comprehensive diagnostics and the mandatory identification of the productivity decline mechanism prior to designing stimulation of the productive part of the near-wellbore zone improves the effectiveness of selecting methods for preserving and restoring the productivity of reservoir formations (including weakly cemented reservoirs) in wells. A classification of degradation mechanisms and a technological matrix for selecting methods to preserve and restore reservoir productivity in production wells have been developed, taking into account the nature of well operation complications, including the peculiarities of weakly cemented reservoirs. The necessity and basis for creating expert-analytical decision support systems to improve GTM efficiency have been substantiated, enabling a transition to systematic management of the well stock condition during hydrocarbon field development. A technological approach is proposed, based on comprehensive diagnostics and sequential determination of the dominant productivity decline mechanism. In contrast to local symptom elimination, this approach is aimed at managing the well condition as an integrated system. An algorithm for selection and a technological matrix of stimulation methods have been developed, accounting for the nature of damage (fines migration / plugging, water breakthrough, geomechanical instability, depletion). The practical significance lies in improving GTM efficiency through the justified selection of technologies that correlate with the actual state of the target object, including weakly cemented reservoirs.

Based on a comprehensive analysis of field data the article studies the reasons for the emergency shutdown of the hydraulic fracturing operation at well No. XXXX of the X field. It was found that the key cause of the complication was the formation of a system of multiple competing cracks, which led to premature screening of the propane in the borehole zone – Tip Screen Out (end screening of the crack). A critical discrepancy was revealed between the design and actual parameters obtained during the test calibration injection (mini-hydraulic fracturing), in particular, the abnormally short crack closure time. It is shown that the root cause is the inconsistency of the initial geomechanical model, which did not take into account the risk of multiple fracturing in conditions of low stress contrast. Significant deviations in the dosages of chemical reagents aggravated the situation, negatively affecting the rheology of the liquid. Based on the analysis, a set of measures has been proposed to optimize hydraulic fracturing design, including the mandatory use of calibrated geomechanical models, the integration of simulators, the introduction of crack growth control technologies and enhanced real-time monitoring. The results of the study are of practical importance for improving hydraulic fracturing design in difficult geological conditions.