The object of the study is social well-being, the subject is social activity and self-organization of the population, which are manifested in various aspects, have clear territorial differences and require spatial approaches to study. The relevance of the geographical study of well-being, social activity and self-organization of the population is due to the fact that their quantitative and qualitative representation is an information and analytical basis for the formation of state and regional policies. One of the forms of territorial self-organization of the population and manifestation of social activity are various non-profit organizations whose activities are aimed at improving the quality of life of the population and its social well-being. The theoretical and methodological foundation of the study is the doctrine of the Territorial Community of People (TCP), which acts as a conceptual model for the study of social phenomena and processes. Being a relatively independent cell of the territorial structure of society, TCP is formed within the boundaries of certain regions (subjects) and includes a specific group of the population with all its characteristics, which determines the features of behavior, mentality, traditions, social activity. The study is based on the analysis of grant activity indicators of organizations in the subjects of the Volga Federal District, presented on the official website of the Presidential Grants Fund. Territorial features of public initiatives, their focus and problems are identified. Among the priority areas of grant applications are the protection of human rights and freedoms, the well-being of citizens, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, environmental protection, support for youth projects and a number of others. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the problems of improving social well-being are partially solved by local communities through the activities of NPOs and their grant activity.

The development of gas condensate fields requires the prediction of phase behavior. The existing models do not consider the presence of several roots of material balance equation and water mineralization. Therefore, the aim of the work is to develop the methodology for calculation of phase state of a gas condensate mixture, considering the determination of all the roots of the material balance equation and mineralization of reservoir water. For the first time, the number of roots of the material balance equation is determined using Sturm’s theorem. The object of the study is a reservoir containing a gas condensate mixture. The paper develops the methodology for calculation of phase behavior of a multicomponent hydrocarbon system. Unlike the traditional algorithm, this methodology involves the Sechenov equation. The molar fraction of the gas phase is found using Sturm’s theorem and the algorithm of sequential division of Euclidean polynomials. The calculation results for the model object indicate that the molar fraction of the gas phase is more than 32 %. The distribution of the components over the phases is obtained. The effect of temperature, pressure, and salinity of water on the molar fraction of the gas phase has been researched. Based on calculations for the model object, it was found that the region of the two-phase state corresponds to a narrow range of reservoir pressures. As the pressure increases, the molar fraction of the gas phase decreases due to the transition of the system to a liquid state.

The article analyzes the efficiency of E-KON system in the design and development process of the Shurtan gas condensate field. The study is conducted within the framework of the strategic program Digital Uzbekistan-2030 and aims to demonstrate the advantages of digital technologies in the oil and gas industry. The article highlights a number of key aspects of the E-KON system, including the optimization of technological well operation modes, increased gas production volumes, and measures to prevent well flooding. One such measure is the removal of formation water through blowouts, which ensures more stable well operation and minimizes the risks of productivity loss. The possibilities of integrating the E-KON system with databases have been considered, which contributes to improved data management and allows for the prompt monitoring and analysis of operational performance. This approach ensures a reduction in operational costs, enables flexible regulation of production processes, facilitates informed management decisions based on accurate data, and stores all data in one place. The analysis of the practical results of using the E-KON system showed positive effects, including an increase in gas production volumes and overall optimization of operations. The data presented confirm that the E-KON system not only contributes to improved productivity but also enhances the overall effectiveness of field management and ensures the sustainable development of the gas condensate field. The article also emphasizes the importance of implementing advanced information technologies to enhance process transparency, improve monitoring, and facilitate operational decision-making, which helps reduce risks and increase project profitability.

The article presents the collection, generalization and analysis of geological and field data, as well as the consideration of geological and hydrogeological conditions for underground disposal of wastewater, with the justification of the choice of an aquifer as an absorbing reservoir bed. For the analysis and assessment of the current control of the hydrodynamic parameters of the absorbing reservoir, the data of test, single and cluster pumping and injection in wells were used, taking as the calculation scheme of a pressure unlimited absorbing horizon. The studies to determine the compatibility of wastewater with formation waters of the horizon were carried out both by calculation methods, including physical and mathematical modeling, and experimentally. The analysis of the filtration parameters of the absorbing reservoir was performed based on the results of hydrodynamic studies.

The paper describes the current state of source rock oil production in the world and the current state of research. Production from source-rocks is generally characterized by two consecutive pseudosteady state flows from the fractured and the matrix media. The dynamic material balance method is used to analyze production data for wells that produce in a pseudo-steady-state from one sourcerock field in Western Siberia. The analysis allowed us to determine the volume of drained reserves separately from the fractured medium (including secondary fractures from hydraulic fracturing) and the matrix medium. Based on the results of the analysis, a third pseudosteady-state regime with an increased volume of drained reserves was determined for individual wells at a later stage of production. The third mode is characterized by an increase in the density of the produced oil products and has not been previously described in the literature. The most likely source of an additional denser fluid is the bituminous organic matter, which in its primary state is in a solid adsorbed form. These phenomena can occur only in source-rock, where there is an abundance of bituminous organic matter in a solid adsorbed and liquid dissolved state. It is not possible to describe the entire nature of what is happening at the current stage, but full description will include a combination of effects including the expansion of fluids, the interaction of hydraulic fracturing fluid with rock and rock cracking due to depression with a change in the geometry of the pore space during development. These phenomena are typical only for individual horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fractioning and are not present, for example, when producing from vertical wells without hydraulic fracturing.

The article describes some principles of operation of an artificial neural network. It provides an example of implementing a neural network model by selecting its best architecture using the Statistica 12 software package. The article considers a method for neural network forecasting of a series of mudflow events based on nonlinear relationships with precipitation and temperature series. To solve the problem, the Data Mining (intelligent data analysis) block – Neural Networks was used in the Statistica 12 package. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) was chosen as a neural network method, and a hyperbolic tangent (tanh) was used as an activation function. Based on deep learning algorithms, a mathematical model MPL 2-50-1 was developed, which is capable of learning on the used data (precipitation, temperature, number of mudflows for the period 1953-2015) and forecasting the number of mudflows based on the meteorological parameters (precipitation, temperature) entered into the model. It was found that with average precipitation values of more than 110 mm in the period from May to September from 2016 to 2034, the number of mudflows is predicted to be from 10 to 13, which is higher than their average value of n = 8 for the period with actual initial data from 1953 to 2015. Trends in the number of mudflows in the Terskol Gorge in the warm season from 1953 to 2015 (the period with actual data) and from 2016 to 2034 (the period with predicted data) were determined using polynomial and linear trends. It follows from the linear trend equation that, on average, over the entire period, including the predicted one, the number of mudflows tends to grow slightly by 0.3/10 years. The polynomial trend demonstrates an increase and decrease in the number of mudflows at different time intervals. In the forecast interval of 2016-2034, the decrease in the number of mudflows demonstrates both a polynomial trend and a linear trend.

Clusters of nanofibers of metal oxides serve the object of the research. The paper studies the ice-forming properties of clusters of nanofibers of zinc, aluminum oxide. During the laboratory simulation, the experiments were carried out in conditions close to real ones − in an artificial cloud environment at subzero temperatures. A set of equipment, which includes small and large cloud chambers connected to each other by means of a pipe, was used. A reagent was placed in a small cloud chamber and water vapor was started. After creating an artificial fog, the reagent was thermally sublimated and the mixture was introduced into a large cloud chamber. At the bottom of the chamber, substrates were opened to collect reagent particles of the formed ice crystals. The reagent particles and ice crystals were then studied under optical and electron microscopes. The features of the synthesis of clusters from nanofibers of metal oxides and the specific yield depending on the sublimation temperature and relative humidity in the cloud chamber are revealed. Experiments have shown that when metals are sublimated at high temperatures (800–2000°C) in the presence of water, clusters that consist of tightly packed nanoparticles (filamentous nanofibers and nanotubes) are formed. Clusters, falling into a cloudy environment, are filled with water and active zones are triggered, ice crystals are formed. According to experimental data, metal oxides have good ice-forming properties, especially in the temperature range of –8... –9 °C. For zinc oxide, this indicator is about 1013 particles per 1 gram. Aluminum oxide exhibit less ice-forming activity. The experimental results show that there is a fundamental possibility and expediency of using clusters of metal oxide nanofibers as an additive to the standard pyrotechnic composition or as independent ice-forming reagents.

The object of the study is landslide activity on the Chikola-Matsuta highway passing through the territory of the Irafsky district of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The paper presents the results of systematization and analysis of various sources containing information on the location and activity (for 2005-2023) of large landslide massifs crossed by the Chikola-Matsuta highway. The location of these large landslides is shown in a cartographic form. Some qualitative and quantitative (area, volume and capacity) characteristics of these landslide massifs intersected by the highway are given, and a brief description of the soils forming them is given. The analysis of the most significant activations on these landslides over the studied period of time has been carried out and the sections of the highway located in their area of action have been identified. The main natural and man-made factors that cause the constant and periodic activation of the studied landslides are characterized. The varying degree of manifestation of these factors in different years determines the diverse activity of deformation stresses on the studied landslide massifs and, accordingly, the different degree of damage to the roadbed and road infrastructure in the zone of their influence. During the time period under review (2005–2023), the degree of their deformation (damage, destruction) by landslide masses was estimated for the sections of the highway located in the area of the studied landslides and quantitative characteristics of the damage were given. An analysis of the socio-economic consequences of the identified, most significant landslide activations crossed by the Chikola-Matsuta highway allows us to conclude that they are quite dangerous for automobile traffic along this road.