Introduction. The article discusses specifics of creating a digital filtration model for carbonate deposits of the Oxford stage of the Jurassic system, based on structural constructions and the results of interpretation of geological studies. Materials and research methods. Filtration calculations and approaches to the modeling a geological section of productive deposits are presented. The necessary initial data for the calculation were obtained from the results of the geological and geophysical studies and field data analysis. Research results and discussion. The results of an integrated interpretation of geological-geophysical and core data for modeling a productive deposit are considered. The main stages of reservoir modeling are described: construction of a structural model of the reservoir; creation of a facial model; filtration-capacitive modeling. The filtration model is adapted to the actual data on the development history based on deinition of iltration and capacitive reservoir properties and adjusted for predictive calculations of development options. The model validity for the Oxford productive sediments was assessed. Conclusions: The results of an integrated interpretation of geological-geophysical and core data for modeling a productive deposit are considered. The main stages of reservoir modeling are described: construction of a structural model of the reservoir; creation of a facial model; filtration-capacitive modeling. The filtration model is adapted to the actual data on the development history based on deinition of iltration and capacitive reservoir properties and adjusted for predictive calculations of development options. The model validity for the Oxford productive sediments was assessed. 1. Integrated interpretation of field and core survey data, well testing results was carried out when calculating hydrocarbon reserves, while the integral error of the input data for constructing a filtration model did not exceed 20%. 2. The results of constructions showed an increase in the area of gas content by 112% due to the delineation of the zone of scattered bioherms based on the analysis of seismic data. The allocation of the bottom of the bioherm zone using the common depth point method in a three-dimensional format led to a decrease in the total thickness of the zone of biohermal formations and, accordingly, the average gas-saturated thickness by 17%. 3. During geological modeling based on seismic data analysis, the following parameters were obtained: gas-bearing area - 29.5 sq. km; average gas-saturated thickness - 23.8 m; reservoir gas reserves - 13.641 milliard cubic meters; geological reserves of condensate - 111 thousand tons, of which 94 thousand tons are recoverable.

Introduction: The article discusses the issues of the ongoing formation of hydrocarbons in oil and gas deposits and highlights the periodicity of such processes associated with the frequency of hydrocarbons and their migration channels generation. The main features of oil and gas deposits, which reserves are replenishing at the present time, are given Materials and research methods: The results of studies of deposits of the North Caucasus, as well as the generalization and analysis of publications about fields of the Volga-Ural, Caspian and other oil and gas regions were used. During the analysis, priority was given to thermodynamic, hydrogeological and geological-geochemical differences between oil and gas deposits Research results and discussion: The connection of oil and gas deposits with deeper zones of the litho-sphere is proved. The main features of ields with active modern replenishment of hydrocarbon reserves are given. The frequency of the hydrocarbon reserves replenishment, which depends, first of all, on the regime of tectonic processes is emphasized Conclusions The necessity of organizing monitoring of the processes of hydrocarbon's production and inflowing at several fields with clear signs of reserves replenishment has been substantiated

Introduction. This paper discusses approaches to calculating the productivity of oil wells. Existing solutions do not allow taking into account many important factors, such as, for example, hydraulic resistance in the wellbore, wellbore trajectory, etc. Materials and methods of research. The article presents a developed numerical method for modeling oil flow to an oil well with a complex wellbore trajectory along the productive formation. Results and Discussion. Based on the function for the point flow potential and the method of hydraulic calculations, an original solution was obtained, which takes into account not only the change in pressure and low rates for individual sections of the well, but also the hydrodynamic imperfection of the well. Conclusion. Comparison of the results of operation of wells with undulating and horizontal wells, based on the simulation of their work, is carried out.

Materials and methods of research. The presented work is based on the materials of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, archival data of the Budennovsky PCHO of the Dagestan Anti-Plague Station of Rospotrebnadzor and the analysis of the literature. Results. Within the framework of this work, the territory of the Caspian sandy natural plague center is considered within the new borders (according to the proposals of the specialists of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor and Rosnipchi «Microbe» of Rospotrebnadzor). A list of the fauna of terrestrial mammals, fleas and ixodid ticks - carriers and carriers of the plague microbe of the Stavropol part of the focus, in accordance with modern systematic views and new borders, has been compiled. There are 25 species of rodents, 1 species of hares, 5 species of insectivores, 10 species of predators, 33 species of fleas, 21 species of ticks. Conclusions. The taxonomic composition of carriers and vectors of the plague microbe within the Stavropol territory has been clarified.

Introduction: This study is devoted to the creation of indices for the analysis of the demographic characteristics of the countries and regions of the New Silk Road zone. As part of the study, we updated a statistical database containing demographic indicators of this zone, then for the purpose of comparative analysis of current trends in the demographic development of this territory, three sets of indicators were formed that characterize the demographic state of the regions, as well as calculated demographic development indices for different sets of indicators. Finally, with the help of geographic information (GIS) technologies, we developed a series of maps that characterize the demographic situation and its dynamics. Regional features and differences in the demographic development of the New Silk Road passage zone were identified. Materials and research methods: Within the framework of the socio-demographic characteristics of the «One Belt - One Road» zone, a statistical database was created, which included materials on the birth rate, mortality per 1000 population, natural growth (loss) and migration growth (loss) in the corridor of the New Silk Road, which included the territory of 8 countries and 145 of their regions . Statistics were collected for three years-2010, 2015, 2018. The study was based on the official statistics of the Eurasian countries [4,5]. Then this set of indicators was aggregated into the corresponding socio-demographic index using the evaluation algorithm developed earlier by V. S. Tikunov [1997]. The result of this stage was a table of demographic indicators adapted to work in GIS. As one of the basic techniques for creating cartographic images, I use the cartogram method with a stepless scale. Then, the map images were exported directly to the graphic editor, and further work on the image design was carried out there. The results of the study and their discussion: as a result of the conducted research, statistical material was collected and a database was created to assess the demographic situation in the countries of the New Silk Road and their regions. At the same time, the work clearly illustrated the analysis of the interaction of indicators of natural and migration growth in the formation of the demographic situation of the New Silk Road countries and their regions. In general, the work showed the effectiveness of using this algorithm and various scenarios for constructing demographic indices for the purpose of their subsequent analysis.

Introduction. The forecast of dangerous weather phenomena, including hail, is becoming more and more popular not only for services to combat hail, but also for other sectors of the national economy. This is facilitated by the intensification of weather processes due to climate warming and the operational availability of the results of modeling the Earth's atmosphere, in particular, the values of stratification according to the global model (GFS NCEP). This paper discusses the possibility of predicting hail with a lead time of 132 hours using discriminant analysis. The success of the hail forecast is assessed by the criteria of the forecast quality. Materials and methods of research. The research materials were the output data of the global atmospheric model GFS NCEP with a lead time of 132 hours. Discriminant functions were used to predict the phenomenon of «hail» and «non-hail». The results of the forecast were compared with the data of observations on the fall of hail provided by the paramilitary services for active influence on meteorological and other geophysical processes, located within the radius of representativeness of the actual data of the aerological sounding at the Mineralnye Vody station. To assess the success of the hail forecast, the conjugacy table is compiled and the forecast quality criteria are calculated. Research results and their discussion. The results of the calculations showed that the hail forecast with a lead time of 132 hours meets all the criteria for the quality of forecasts. The forecast success rates were good. Thus, the accuracy of the hail forecast was ~ 70 %. Conclusion. Studies have shown that the proposed approach to forecasting hail from the data of the global atmospheric model does not lead to a noticeable decrease in the quality of forecasts when the lead time is increased to five days.

Space weather and thunderstorms are among the insufficiently studied atmospheric processes that make a nonstationary contribution to the formation of the global electrical circuit. Thunderstorms are one of the important components of the effect on the electric ield of the surface atmosphere. The aim of this work is to reveal the influence of lightning discharges on the dynamics of the time course of the electric field of the surface atmosphere. The paper presents the results of synchronous measurements of the electric field strength of the near-ground atmosphere at the station and the characteristics of thunderstorm activity. Key words: lightning direction finding network, lightning direction finder LS8000, measuring the intensity of the electric field of the atmosphere, electric field, lightning discharges.

Introduction. Currently, silver iodide AgI is one of the most widely used reagents when exposed to supercooled clouds in order to prevent hail and precipitation. This is primarily due to the fact that the crystal structure of AgI is similar to the structure of natural ice, which ensures its effective interaction with the cloudy environment and the formation of the necessary crystallization centers in its supercooled part. At the same time, the effectiveness of this reagent when interacting with a supercooled cloudy environment at temperatures from minus 6 &&&C and above decreases. Therefore, studies related to the creation of new reagents and increasing the efficiency of existing ice-forming reagents are still relevant. Materials and methods of the research. A promising direction in this area is the use of various chemical additives leading to the production of particles with a crystal lattice closer to the crystal lattice of ice. It was proposed to use finely ground zinc powder as such an additive, since zinc crystals have a hexagonal packing of atoms, which is very similar to the structure of ice. Laboratory experiments to determine the yield of crystallization nuclei of the pyrotechnic composition AD-1 were carried out according to the technique presented in [1]. The results of the study and their discussion. The article presents the results of laboratory studies to further increase the effectiveness of pyrotechnic compositions used in anti-hail products such as "Alazan-6" and "Alazan-9". The average values of the yield of crystallization nuclei of the ice-forming component of AD-1 with the addition of zinc (6 %) were obtained, which are an order of magnitude higher than the specific yield of the pyrotechnic composition of AD-1. Conclusions. Analysis of the experimental material presented in the article allows us to conclude that the average values of the yield of crystallization nuclei of the ice-forming component of AD-1 with the addition of zinc (6 %) increase by an order of magnitude, compared with the speciic yield of the pyrotechnic composition of AD-1 in the temperature range from zero to below. The use of AD-1 with zinc additives instead of the AD-1 pyrotechnic composition will significantly reduce the consumption of the reagent when actively influencing the clouds.

Introduction. The article touches upon the issues of ecological safety of the environment. The analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil-clover system in an urban environment has been carried out. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify the levels of accumulation of heavy metals in the underground part of the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (growing in an urban environment with a high degree of technogenic load), as well as to establish their influence on the microbial cenosis of the soil. Materials and methods of the research. Methods of sampling carried out in accordance with the Methodical instructions for the determination of heavy metals in the soils of farmland and crop production. The study included evaluation of absorption intensities biological indicator elements and biogeochemical activity. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out with the use of application software package «Statistica for Windows», version 6.0, and the software «Microsoft Excel 2016». Microbiological analysis was carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. Counting of grown colonies was carried out using a Scan 300 Interscience colony counter. Methods of mathematical statistics were used to analyze the results. The results of the study and their discussion. According to the data obtained, the most common pollutants in the urban environment are metals such as Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn. However, the data values of these heavy metals in the root portion of clover does not exceed the value of MACs and MPCs in the soil. Microbiological analysis showed that increased concentrations of nickel and iron inhibit the growth of Rhizobium trifolii, and different concentrations of cadmium and manganese stimulate the growth of bacterial culture. Conclusions. The resulting values for heavy metals in the root of the clover did not exceed the background content in the soils of the city, which means that the root system blocks the low of heavy metals in the plant. The different nature of the influence of heavy metals on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms has been established. Increased concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium and manganese stimulate the growth of Rhizobium trifolii. Under the action of nickel and iron on this microorganism, a depressing effect is noted. High concentrations of these metals dramatically inhibit the growth of nitrogen-ixing bacteria, which may further affect soil fertility.