Introduction. One of the areas of enhanced oil recovery at late stages of development is sidetracking with horizontal sections. The article analyzes the efficiency of horizontal sidetrack drilling, which depends on the direction of drilling the horizontal sections of the wellbores in a low-permeability reservoir. Materials and research methods. The article presents an analysis of the obtained results of drilled horizontal sidetracks depending on their direction relative to the direction of regional stress. Research results and their discussion. The authors analyzed the dynamics of the change in the productivity coeficient of horizontal sidetracks from the moment of their launch, which allows to determine the dependence of their performance depending on the direction of the horizontal section of the wellbore relative to the regional stress line. Conclusions. The analysis showed that in this field, when drilling a horizontal section of wells along the line of regional stress, the eficiency is lower than in the transverse direction.

Introduction. The construction of the Kuban-Kalaus irrigation system, later called the Great Stavropol Canal, was aimed at completing the watering of the arid Central Caucasus. The canal begins at Ust-Dzhegut and ends at the Vostochny Manych River. Over the course of 480 km, over the course of 40 years, there has been a change in the natural conditions and the faunal complex of the territory. Materials and methods of research. To assess the state of the faunal complex, the materials contained in a number of works devoted to the faunal complex of the territory of the Prikalaus Heights were used. In addition to the literature data, the materials collected in 2015-2020 were used. The accounting of the animal population was carried out according to the methods generalized in the "Field studies on the ecology of terrestrial vertebrates" by G.A. Novikov. Amphibians were accounted for by visual inspection of the territory. The species identity was established remotely. The identification of the species composition of reptiles and the study of the state of their populations was carried out during the survey of terrestrial biotopes. Identiication of the species composition of birds and the study of the state of their populations was carried out by route accounting methods. The total length of the hiking routes was about 30 km. The names of bird species are given in accordance with the summary of L.S. Stepanyan. Rodent accounting was carried out by trap lines. The accounting of insectivores was carried out by the method of hunting grooves. The assessment of the condition of large mammals was carried out according to literature data, as well as visual observations. In total, 8 routes were conducted to study the fauna of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The total length of the routes was 75 km. The terrestrial vertebrate community is represented by 3 amphibian species, 5 reptile species, 23 bird species, and 4 mammal species. Before the construction of hydraulic structures on the territory of the Prikalaus heights, faunal complexes were conined to the zonal landscapes of steppes and agricultural landscapes, as well as forest and wetland complexes. Since the construction of the canal, the faunal complex has been transformed in significant areas, animals of the introsonal wetland complex have become widespread. Conclusions: The laying of the canal led to the transformation of the faunal complex on a total area of 800 hectares, expressed in an increase in the animal population of the wetland faunal complex, also in this territory there is a mixture of typical introsonal animal species with ecologically plastic species of zonal forest and steppe complexes, as well as stenobiont species.

Introduction. One of the new directions in socio-economic geography is the geography of sports. In Russian geographical science, its development is at an early stage. At the same time, sport is an important aspect of economic, social and political life, and the geography of sports as a spatial science can provide a lot of fundamental and applied data in this sphere. Materials and methods of the research. The method of literary review is used in relation to modern geographical research of sports. Sport is presented as a complex object studied by many scientific directions. With the help of the analytical method, a research scheme has been developed for the selected areas of the geography of sports. The results of the research and their discussion. The conducted literature review showed the small number and under-development of geographical research in the field of sports. In Russian geography, sports were practically not considered until recently. The system of sciences studying sports is considered, the place of geography in it and its potential possibilities are determined. The directions of the development of the geography of sports and their potential tools are proposed. Conclusions. Sport is a complex of interrelated processes and spheres, and is the object of study of many sciences. In geographical science, attempts have been made to study sports geographically. At the same time, there was no formation of a separate scientific direction. Geography of sports is a scientiic direction in socio-economic geography that studies the territorial organization of sports.

Introduction. The article examines the influence of the terrain and the daily rotation of the Earth on the oscillatory processes in the atmosphere. It is shown that as a result of the superposition of two oscillatory processes, caused both by natural oscillations and forced, due to the daily rotation of the Earth, they lead to beats and resonance. Materials and research methods. Oscillations in the atmosphere, which was initially in a state of static, caused by the initial temperature rise near the earth's surface, the terrain, and the Earth's daily rotation are considered. To describe them, a system is used, which includes the equation of motion in the form of Euler and expressions that take into account the distribution of temperature and air pressure with height. Without taking into account the daily rotation of the Earth, we obtain the simplest equations of oscillations. It is shown that the initial conditions are determined by the temperature rise near the earth's surface and the terrain (orography). As another example, we consider the case when the rotation of the Earth around its axis leads to significant periodic changes in temperature. Research results and their discussion. At the first stage, the analysis of solutions to the equations of oscillations is carried out without taking into account the influence of the diurnal rotation of the Earth, with an emphasis on orography. Near an inclined surface, air particles receive an additional impulse, which leads to an increase in the amplitude of fluctuations in the speed and temperature of the air flow. The second stage is to obtain a solution for oscillatory processes, when daily changes in air temperature are taken into account. If the Brent-Vaisala frequency coincides with the frequency of the Earth's daily rotation or their difference is insigniicant, then such phenomena as resonance or beats occur. Conclusions. It is shown that in a standard atmosphere the axial rotation of the planet does not affect the oscillatory processes in the atmosphere, while the terrain relief is taken into account. However, there is a case when the difference between the above frequencies is extremely small or zero (this is possible at Ау << Ау_станд). Then there is an increase in the amplitude of the oscillations, i.e. beating or resonance. In these cases, orography can be disregarded: when considering luctuations in speed and temperatures: dynamic heating turns out to be very small, and the natural amplitudes of the velocity are much higher than the velocities of vertical air flows caused by the relief.

Introduction. The currently achieved eficiency of pyrotechnic generators of ice-forming aerosol, calculated on pure silver iodide, is 1E+14 active particles at a temperature of minus 10 °C. Meanwhile, since there is currently data on the activity of silver iodide particles with a size of 50 nm at this temperature and below, and given that approximately 1E+19 particles of this size can be obtained from 1 g of silver iodide, there is reason to assume a signiicant increase in the efficiency of existing pyrotechnic compositions. In this work, the ways of increasing the efficiency of existing pyrotechnic generators and means of active influence are investigated. Materials and methods of the research. Laboratory experiments were carried out on the physical modeling of the combustion processes of pyrotechnic compositions under the inluence of various conditions. The spectra of the combustion products of pyrotechnic compositions obtained in the study of the operating modes of the generators and the variants of the generator design were analyzed. The results of the study and their discussion. The factors influencing the change in the combustion spectra of the pyrocompositions of the generators of ice-forming aerosol are analyzed. It is shown that the blowing speed significantly changes the aerosol spectrum; an increase in the number of nozzle openings and the organization of the drift mixing mode of gas jets lead to an increase in the yield of active particles in the size range of 50-70 nm; an increase in the operating pressure at which the generator operates leads to an increase in the percentage of silver iodide that has passed into the vapor phase without decomposition by about two times. Conclusions. The results of experiments on increasing the yield of active ice-forming particles during the operation of pyrotechnic generators under the inluence of the following factors are presented: change in the blowing speed of the pyrotechnic generator; changing the geometry of the jets formed during the combustion of the generator; changing the direction of blowing the torch; change in the content of silver iodide in combustion products.

Introduction. In its development, Gabon relies on a rich mineral resource base and the development of specially protected areas with unique biodiversity. The peculiarity of the state is the intersection of the interests of large TNCs and Gabon's international environmental obligations. The purpose of the study is to study the inclusive directions of sustainable development of the Republic of Gabon. Materials and research methods. The research was based on reports of the Government of the Republic of Gabon and international organizations of the United Nations, documents and reference data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Research results and their discussion. The features of the sustainable development of the Republic of Gabon are revealed, the economic aspects and their impact on the environmental situation are analyzed. Gabon stands out against the background of other sub-Saharan African states with relatively prosperous indicators of economic development. The availability of fuel, ore, and forest resources, the growth of the urban population and a high HDI make it possible to consolidate achievements in the socio-economic sphere, and environmental policy makes it possible to take a leading position on the world stage in solving the global environmental crisis. Conclusions. Gabon is actively involved in solving global environmental problems, is advancing within the framework of sustainable development, actively attracting international investment in various sectors of the economy. The State is currently a representative of the African Union and a leading negotiator at the United Nations Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) [2]. Among the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Gabon is an active member of many integration entities, supporting the initiatives of the European Union, without prejudice to its own interests.

Introduction. In the article, on the basis of travel observations carried out during the expedition to study the demographic development of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration, general geographical mini-portraits of the cities of Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Novodvinsk and the village of Lomonosovo were compiled. Materials and methods. The key research method is visual observation and a survey of the local population. The work also used official statistics on the number of residents of settlements that are part of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration. Results and discussion. The article describes some features of the geographical location, nature, population, economy, planning structure of settlements, the nature of their development, improvement of urban spaces, etc. There is a feeling of depressiveness in the settlements of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration, which is expressed in a large number of dilapidated and dilapidated housing, and the lack of amenities in courtyards and sidewalks. Conclusions The exception is the showcase central parts of cities.