Mass construction of buildings, which are located in the North Caucasus and the Crimea territories, where intensive industrial, civil, hydraulic, irrigation, road and sanatorium-resort construction have been complicating in these territories by loess that are common in the steppe and are local in the flat plots of the foothill areas suitable for construction sites. The article shows the genetic unity of loess formations of the North Caucasus and the Crimea, comparative analysis of collapsible soil composition and properties was conducted, recommendations to crimean builders and designers on application of new methods of dealing with collapsibility which opened up in the North Caucasus were given. As construction practice has shown subsurface explosion is the single option method of riddance of collapsibility of the high thickness of layer. In spite of efficiency soil hydraulic subsurface explosion compaction method didn't widely used in the North Caucasus where loess is common and their thickness could reach 55 meters. Conducted analysis demonstrate the possibility of using soil hydraulic subsurface explosion compaction and auger placed pressure-injected concrete ground pile under the similar conditions of the Crimea.

One of the types of vertical movements in the atmosphere is convection. Convective motions arise in an unstable stratified atmosphere under the influence of atmospheric fronts or orographic features of the region. Free convection is the root cause of almost all movements in the atmosphere. Orographic features affect the development of convection in two ways: indirectly by deformation of the frontal zones with the subsequent development of baric formations or directly during the flow of airflow through mountain obstacles. A very important role in the development of cloud convection is played by the parameters of the surface layer, such as: the dynamic factor due to orography; Thermal factor due to initial overheating. In this paper, cloud convection is not a perturbed state with respect to rest, but is represented by an average motion caused only by a fluctuation in air density, which depends on the temperature and the mass fraction of water vapor. This consideration is more consistent. The presented calculations show that the module of the total air velocity for thermal convection of dry air and the size of the convective cell depend signiicantly on the velocity of the ascending streams at the ground, caused by the relief of the terrain, and also the surface parameters.

The analysis of term review of geochemical field and introduces the concept of geochemical field component of the landscape. Geochemical field of trace elements in rocks and soils examined on the example of mountainous physiographic region of the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus. Based on the analysis of the geochemical specifics of bedrock allocated lithogeochemical field of trace elements with the side of the Main Caucasian ridge and the Front Range. We consider the territorial differentiation component pedogeochemical fields micronutrients Laba-Teberda, Elbrus-Teberdino and the Terek-Kuban landscape districts, which revealed a similar spatial structure in the distribution of trace elements in soils for landscaping altitude belts. According to the predominant factor in the formation characteristics of distribution of trace elements in the landscape of high-altitude zones are marked genetic groups (organo-mineral, nutrient-leaching and nutrient-capacious) component pedogeochemical trace ields.

Urbanization is one of the important socio-economic processes associated with deep structural division of the existing cities and causing significant changes in the economy and social life of the country. Thorough study of this process is of great scientific and practical importance. The article discusses the results of empirical research of urban settlement in Kazakhstan, on the basis of the analysis of the urban system of the country for conformity to the theoretical law rule of "rank - populous", also known as the Auerbach- Zipf law. The article also presents an overview of some modification of the Auerbach- Zipf law and considers the arguments of various authors to explain the causes of conformity and not conformity to the system of urban settlement patterns. According to the results of the analysis of the ranking of Kazakhstan's cities by population, and with analysis of Soviet censuses and two national censuses and current records (in 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2016), it was established that the transition to a market economy has not brought the expected changes in the urban system of Kazakhstan.

At the final stages of the development of most of the deposits in Belarus, Russia and abroad, after the almost complete development of recoverable oil reserves, most of the initial volume of geological reserves remains in the deposits. At the moment, the volume of oil produced is only partially compensated by the increase in reserves due to the discovery of new deposits. More and more urgent is the application of effective methods of increasing oil recovery in existing fields. Methods, which in view of the current macroeconomic situation do not require significant capital investment. One of these methods is non-stationary waterflooding, which proved to be effective in a number of fields in various oil and gas provinces. In this article, the systematization and classification of existing technologies of hydrodynamical methods of influence has been made, the criteria for selecting objects have been singled out and recommendations on the technology of work have been made.

On the basis of the analysis of extensive information on processes of flooding of lands in the territory of the Volga region of Russia provided in references and in materials of the official state reporting on a state and about protection of the surrounding natural and geological environment, use of lands, water resources, a condition of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic character, etc. data on the processes of continuous and temporary looding observed on lands of the studied region are for the first time systematized, the reasons of their emergence and development, scales and danger of manifestation in the territory of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation within the region are studied. The carried-out analysis has shown that in the territory of the Volga region the continuous flooding of lands connected with increase in level of underground waters as a result of natural and anthropogenous factors is widespread. Natural processes of flooding generally develop on the lands located near reservoirs in flood plains and on the nadpoymennykh terraces of the rivers, etc. Technogenic flooding of lands is generally dated for large settlements, located on plains and, generally connected with leaks from the water bearing communications, filling of reservoirs, violation of a superficial and underground drain at construction of roads, the industrial enterprises, etc. Steady and intensive rains and spring and aestivo-autumnal loods and high waters which almost annually happen on the territory of the region lead to temporary flooding of extensive territories of the region and often cause signiicant damage to the population and economy.

The study, based on official documents and scientific literature, is considered a state of adaptation and integration policy in the North Caucasus in the context of foreign migration, as well as its territorial aspects. The paper defines the hierarchical levels of the state migration policy in the North Caucasus, the priority areas of introduction of immigrants, as well as key legal, economic and cultural measures of state support to address adaptation and integration problems of migrants. The study revealed the ethnic features of the state of adaptation and integration policy with respect to foreign workers. The results of the study presents the basic space and time transformation of adaptive-integration policy in the North Caucasus in relation to foreign workers.

A number of methods are offered for performing arithmetic operations in nonpositional numeral system. The algorithm and its circuit solution are proposed to combine all operations of basic set. Operation of device is discussed in various modes of functioning. Simultaneous execution additive and multiplicative operations are based on the use of index theory, as well as the expansion the number of the operands for the two degree. The original approach was proposed to build nonpositional calculators based on the synthesis of digital and analog techniques. These design options will facilitate the unification of computer equipment and, consequently, improve the reliability of the devices. One of the difficulties of combining binary operation is commutative association with non-commutative. At the end of the work is scheduled path to overcome it.

In this paper we explore the question of representing complex numbers in a residue number system and build algorithms for the operations of addition and multiplication. The idea of the construction of such systems is in determining how the set of complex numbers the ring of integers. The main attention is paid to quadratic residue number system. The idea of building such a system is to provide a complex number z as a pair of integers (X' Y for the selected modules. The rules of arithmetic operations on complex numbers presented residue pairs at selected bases, do not differ from the rules of arithmetic operations in the RNS for real integers. The operations of addition and multiplication two complex numbers in quadratic RNS is modular, parallel channels and contains only two arithmetic operations that can reduce the volume of calculation.

The paper discusses possibilities for use of message authentication signatures schemes based on error-correcting coding which may be candidates for use in post-quantum cryptography. Code-based cryptography draws attention not only highly resistant to attacks of various kinds, but also performance hardware implementation and the additional advantage of the ability to correct errors in the transmission signals over data channels. Digital signatures algorithm based on error-correcting coding is described. The results of computer simulation of the algorithm for the case of the use of Reed-Solomon codes are presented. The cost of software implementation of this algorithm is evaluated. There is shown that promising in the use of error-correcting codes for message authentication.

When creating new technical solutions it is necessary to ensure the technical parameters which set cost is the lowest. It is advisable to use the principle of minimum costs and restrictions on the technical effect, as well as the external and internal parameters that characterize the information protection system errors. The methodological basis for solving optimization problems is also the theory of operations research. Since the system is created to protect information from error, providing the required noise immunity value of the indicator P_s^mp at minimum cost Cmp, the performance indicator of permissible projects may be instrumental in the creation of processing costs reliability of the device У1. The problem of optimal mathematical programming is reduced to finding the number of repetitions of the function argument values of the message m and the likelihood of distortion of a single character codeword P0, which minimize the functional, and can be solved by a classical method of Lagrange multipliers.

The mathematical model of hidden information transfer through the digital communication channel exposed to destructive influence of analytics (noise). One of shortcomings of steganographic method of hidden information transfer - the possibility of deleting hidden data placed in steganographic containers by reformatting, scaling, destruction, etc., is overcame. This task solving method is excessive modular coding of data built in steganographic containers of different file formats (jpeg, mp3, avi, mpeg4, etc.) and of different potential capacity (by choosing modules sizes). Multiple use of several steganographic methods of building the information in steganographic containers of different file formats incidentally allowed to solve another problem - increase steganographic communication channel capacity. For recovery the output data, the original form of evidential part of the Chinese reminder theorem offered for the first time at school of professor N.I. Chervyakov was used.

The article is devoted to the problem of the modeling of the sound wave propagation in cylindrical tube exited harmonic oscillations of the freeform membrane. The mathematical formulation of the model is reduced to the second boundary value problem for the wave equation. The wave equation for the potential velocity of the liquid passes into the Helmholtz equation in the case of harmonic external force. The analytical expression described of liquid velocity potential distribution is derived. The boundary value problem Green function is obtained. The phase and group velocity are determined. The particularities of propagation of sound waves exited harmonic oscillations of the round membrane are considered. In this paper it is shown that the finite number of harmonic is exited. The resonance frequencies near which the oscillation amplitude will maximize are specified. It is founded that the finite number of such frequencies can exist.

Exact solutions for each mathematical model are important. They allow us to assess, the degree of the adequacy of the mathematical model of real physical processes, after carrying out experiments appropriate to these solutions, and an evaluation of the arising deviations. Exact solutions can be used to describe of some physical processes. Exact solutions are good tests to check the approximate numerical solutions. In this paper we performed a group analysis of the one-parameter family of the equations, describing within the framework of the nonlinear one-dimensional shallow water model, the propagation of surface waves above a straight bottom. A parameter of this family is an angular coefficient of inclination of the bottom. As a result of a special nonlocal hodograph transformation, associated with the group property of the original non-linear system, this system is reduced to a linear system. Using the group properties of these systems, we obtained the formulas of the production ( "reproduction") of the solutions of nonlinear system. With a help of the invariant and partially invariant solutions of the linear system and found formulas of the production of the solutions, we obtained an infinite set of non-singular solutions of nonlinear system. We found all degenerate solutions of this system. These solutions can be used in the study of waves rolling on shore, and also in the study of the spread of liquid in the channels.

In the article the questions of mathematical modeling of propagation in the near zone of impurities, formed in the result of rocket and space activities. Developed three-dimensional numerical model of distribution of impurities from the transient source. An inventory of meteorological parameters allows a more detailed study air pollution in the local area from the operation of rocket engines. Numerical analysis of distribution of contaminants in the area of launch vehicles. The obtained three-dimensional data, concentration of pollutants in the air in different points in time.

In this paper we consider the possibility of forming microcapsules by layer-by-layer adsorption of polymers on inorganic cores and polymeric nature. Removal of the carbonate cores were performed by lowering the pH of the system to 4.5. Removal of the polypropylene matrix were carried out using tetrahydrofuran in the case of polystyrene media. It is established that the nature of the matrix used for the formation of microcapsules, affect the degree of incorporation of protein and the yield of polyelectrolyte particles.