No 2 (2019)
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EARTH SCIENCES
7-22 68
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the entry of most of the fields into the final stage of development, the relevance of issues related to improving the efficiency of repair and insulation operations (RIO) conducted at the complicated well stock increases. In justifying RIO technologies, primarily focuses on the selection of chemical reagents for the insulating screens formation in the reservoir flooded zones. Materials and methods: A new organo-hybrid composition based on polyacrylonitrile was obtained by hydrolysis with sodium silicate. A complex of rheological studies was carried out to determine the structural and mechanical properties of the composition with hydrochloric acid. Spectral studies were performed to clarify the mechanism of gel formation of a new organo-hybrid composition. Results and discussion: Analysis of the new composition based on hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile experimental studies results revealed a synergistic effect associated with the presence of both viscous-plastic and viscous-elastic properties, ensuring high efficiency of its application in reservoir conditions. The mechanism of gelation of the new composition based on the COM-C reagent apparently occurs due to the formation of polymer ilaments reinforcing the silicate component and siloxane bonds formation is achieved by means of dimers, which are "bridges" between globules. Conclusion: Hydrolyzed by sodium silicate polyacrylonitrile is a promising reagent for the gel-forming composition, capable to form a durable insulating screen in highly permeable watered zones of the formation when reacting with hydrochloric acid.
23-44 28
Abstract
Introduction: the work presents a new complex concept of ore-oil-gas-genesis, where the logical connection shows the role of endo- and exogenous factors in the formation of various minerals, including oil and gas. This concept will help in identifying new hydrocarbon fields in the regions represented. Materials and research methods: the source materials of these studies are information materials of the deep structure of the Caspian Sea region, the Crimean Black Sea region and the Arctic, satellite images of various scales. The theoretical basis is the rotational concept of tectogenesis, and the components are represented by the most well-known fluidodynamic model B.A. Sokolov, little-known: the RM geosoli-ton concept. Bembel and the concept of the nature of central type structures (CST) V.M. Kharchenko. Research results: as a result of the implementation of this concept, a fundamentally new scheme and results on ore-oil, gas-geological and seismic zoning of the most promising territories are shown: the Caspian and Crimean Black Sea regions, as well as the Arctic, which are strictly conidential. Discussions and conclusion: the basis of the work is the interpretation of the CST, the construction of a geological-tectonic and fluid-dynamic model. The interpretation of the CST is understood to mean the allocation in terms of plan and section of geological bodies or their combination with favorable conditions for the formation, migration and preservation of ore and hydrocarbon deposits. Prospective on the subject of oil and gas are the zones of tension and nodal points (zones of subvertical destruction) within them, and the seismic zones are zones of compression and their overlap. Allocation or mapping of these specific areas is essentially oil and gas geological and seismic zoning of the territory
45-60 44
Abstract
Introduction: The Region of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region has the various landscape and recreational potential for development of medical, mountain and sports and tourist and excursion activity. A basis of a research is landscape approach which acts as all-methodological base in justification of zoning of the territory for different types of tourism, assessment of with-tsilno-economic functions reflecting extent of possible participation of a landscape in satisfaction of recreational requirements of society. Results of a research allow to distinguish sites of potential development of separate types of tourism taking into account integrated assessment. Materials and methods: complex assessment of landscape and recreational capacity of the territory, includes the analysis of components of a landscape: relief and raschlenennost of the territory, climate, hydrography, landscape biotics. The technique of identiication of zones with the largest landscape and recreational potential for development of tourism means creation of hexagonal operators with the party of 5 km and calculation in grounds (cells) of the selected indicators in QGIS geographic information system. After calculation for each ground classiication of components by a 5-ball scale on the basis of an algorithm of natural borders Dzhenkens was carried out. The algorithm means natural group of data. Borders of classes are deined so that to group similar values and as much as possible to increase differences between classes for visual identification of zones. Results of researches and discussion: The main result of work - complex assessment of components of a landscape in relation to various directions of tourism. This assessment allows to carry out zoning of the territory according to the obtained data. At the same time it is important that for each type of tourism the deining value was accepted by that component of a landscape which has the largest weight. Results of a research are used when developing the master plan of the city district of the resort town of Kislovodsk, and further can be used when developing documents of strategic and territorial planning. Conclusions: The received landscape and recreational zoning allows to allocate landscapes with the largest potential for separate types of tourism. So, for extreme tourism the most perspective zone of development is the cultural and natural landscape the kuestovykh of ridges and also local sites of a landscape alluvial the terrasirovannykh of valleys. The greatest indicators for development of ecological tourism were received by the area in the west of the foothills the ostepnennykh of meadows and meadow steppes. The least favorable for development of all presented types of tourism landscapes the degressionnykh of the opened lands and also landscapes of eroziono-accumulative plains possess. This integrated and strategic approach shows territories with the largest potential of development.
61-70 55
Abstract
Introduction: Caucasian Mineral Waters (CMS) is one of the oldest resort regions of Russia. Here, in a relatively small area, considerable reserves of 13 different types of mineral waters and therapeutic mud are concentrated. In the XIX century. Resorts of world importance have emerged on the basis of the recreational resources of the region: Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Yessentuki and Zheleznovodsk. Gradually, new types of recreational resources were involved in the recreational use of the region. Materials and methods: The historical approach allows us to explore the history and features of the development of scientific ideas about the nature of the study and the hydro-mineral resources of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region at each stage of the development of the resort region. The analysis of historical sources contributed to the identification of features of the study of hydromineral resources in terms of their use for medicinal purposes and to determine the contribution of individual scientists to the study of mineral sources in the region. Research result: The research of physicians and chemists working in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries is summarized. In the study period, in the Caucasian Mineral Waters, specialized studies of hydromineral resources begin in terms of their use for medicinal purposes. Analyzed a number of scientific papers on the characteristics of the therapeutic value of hydromineral resources. Discussion and conclusions: As a result of research by doctors and chemists of the hydromineral resources of the region, the Caucasian Mineral Waters at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Permanent doctors were appointed to the resort region and projects of device sources appeared.
71-86 35
Abstract
Introduction. The article. Based on research materials and analysis of legislative and regulatory acts, revealed the spatial and temporal features of state and regional policies on the adaptation and integration of migrants in the North Caucasus. A key element of the research is a systematic approach to the consideration of the territorial features of the state and regional adaptation and integration policies in the North Caucasus. Materials and methods. The main research tools were analytical, historical reconstruction, comparative geographical and comparative historical methods. Discussion of the research results. The article discusses the transformations of the territorial features of the system of adaptation and integration of migrants in the North Caucasus for more than two centuries. The authors propose a geographically three-tier adaptation system (levels: country, regional, local) and migrant integration in the state and regional migration policies in the North Caucasus, consisting of a set of legislatively established measures (measures: ethnocultural, legal, social, economic). Findings. In the pre-reform period, a system of mechanisms and measures for the adaptation and integration of migrants took place, which subsequently underwent certain changes depending on the political course of the state, the socio-economic needs of the North Caucasus regions and the change of socio-economic formations.
87-114 39
Abstract
Introduction: the review of evaluation of influence of production anti-hail protection of ag- ricultural crops on the atmospheric precipitations mode of the protected and check-out areas, carried out in the Central Caucasus region with the application of: artillery and rocket seeding technology, combined method, competition as well as precipitating acceleration and shock impact methods, is made. Materials and Methods: long-standing experiments and reports on affecting hail processes and man-made atmospheric precipitation augmentation; fragments of hail preventing and interrupting; total values of influence parameters and radar parameters of clouds; weather stations and radio-locators; combined method, competition as well as atmospheric precipitating acceleration and shock impact methods; nonparametric statistical methods. Discussion and conclusions:
115-124 42
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most difficult tasks facing modern synoptic meteorology is the forecasting of heavy convective storms (tornadoes). Heavy convective storms, extratropical hurricanes, tornadoes, whose products are storm-storming processes, are a dangerous natural phenomenon, which brings considerable damage to the national economy, and, sometimes, leads to human casualties. Materials and Methods: Weather forecasting at any scale consists of two main stages: diagnostics of the state of atmospheric parameters at present and forecasting their changes for a certain period of time. Results: the atmospheric parameters responsible for the occurrence of con-vective storms (humidity, vertical pressure gradient and horizontal temperature difference, and vertical wind shear) require careful analysis and observation. Such convection often arises in the form of super cells -thunderstorms, characterized by a single quasi-permanent rotating ascending current (known as mesocyclone), which persists for a certain period of time. With the help of modern observing systems, such as vertically pointing radars (called windproof devices) and satellite imaging systems, specialists can usually determine where the conditions will be favorable for the formation of a tornado. Discussion and conclusions: research and analysis of the examined natural phenomena in our country is, as you can see, fragmentary. The study and identification of the characteristics of such processes on the territory of Russia requires a comprehensive study, observations and development of methods for forecasting and preventing the development of tornadoes and hurricanes.
125-136 53
Abstract
Introduction: As a result of the shortage of arable land in the Stavropol region is the transformation of agricultural land. It is possible to identify the extent of plowing pastures on the basis of spatial and temporal analysis of agricultural land through geographic information systems using space information. Materials and methods of research: visual decoding of pastures was carried Out on the basis of data from Landsat series spacecraft in the period from January 1990 to December 2018. Clarification of the identified pasture areas was made using index images of the NDVI coefficient. Results and discussion: In Budyonnovsk district of the Stavropol territory pastures are located primarily along river valleys. In the Arzgir district of Stavropol Krai, pastures are mainly conined to the Kumo-Manych depression and stretch along the Chograi reservoir in the Northern part of the district. The total area of pastures in 2018 in Budennovsky district amounted to 2,230 hectares, which is about 86% of the area of pastures in 1990. In the Arzgir district, the area of pastures is 76660 hectares in 2018, which is 13.6% less than the area of pastures in 1990. A 28-year time period square in Budyonnovsk the district decreased by 6020 ha, and in Arzgirskogo district at 12110 ha. Arzgirskogo in the district for 28 years period considerable areas of land have undergone changes in the boundaries of the Kuma-Manych depression. Also signiicantly reducing the area of pastures near the village of Steppe. In the Budennovsky district, pastures located to the East of the Kuma river valley have undergone changes to a greater extent. According to the degree of manifestation of water erosion, the study areas are among the five districts of the Stavropol territory most prone to erosion processes. Conclusions: In Budennovsk and Arzgirskogo districts of the Stavropol territory revealed a reduction of pastures during the study period. The most rapidly transformed pastures in the period from 2010 to 2018. Physical and geographical features of the areas are reflected in the size of pasture areas. Transformable pastures are located in the valleys of rivers and gullies, which in the future may affect the development of erosion processes on agricultural land.
137-148 47
Abstract
Introduction: Legislative support for the recovery of environmental and economic damage from un- authorized waste disposal is sufficiently developed and has a scientific environmental justification, which implies the intervention of degradation products in geochemical processes, the deterioration of the soil quality characteristics, and as a result its price reduction. Recovery of damage caused to the soil, allows you to implement a priority approach to restore the qualitative properties of the soil to close to the original state. Unauthorized dumps on the lands of the village. Kamennomostsky district. Adygea, as an object of research, is of undoubted interest, the natural resource potential of the village. Kamennomostsky is actively involved in the development of recreational use of natural resources and the damage to land resources, which limits the possibility of using the territory for recreational purposes in an accessible volume. Since, from an environmental point of view, the landill in question is located in the water protection zone of the river, through migration processes, the fact of a long-term impact not only on the soil, but also on the river's waters is obvious, its primary task is to eliminate it and restore the damaged fertile layer using environmentally-friendly methods. all require funding. Materials and research methods: The applied methods of field, laboratory research and the calculation of environmental and economic damage are relevant and consistent with the current environmental legislation and legislation on the unity of measuring instruments. The calculation and recovery of environmental and economic damage is gradually becoming effective mechanisms for environmental economics. Research results and discussion: The calculated indicator of environmental and economic damage from the placement of an unauthorized waste dump in the water protection zone r. White Village. In the case of the implementation of law enforcement practice, Kamennomostsky can replenish the federal budget by 6,182,090 rubles, the budget of the Republic of Adygea by 4,946,320.8 rubles, the budget of the settlement of Kamennomostsky 6,801,191.1 rubles Findings: In this regard, we should talk about the need to improve the effectiveness of the use of such a mechanism as environmental and economic damage. Environmental damage caused to the soil as an object of environmental protection as a result of unauthorized storage of waste, expressed in monetary terms in law enforcement practice, meets the objectives of implementing environmental safety within the framework of environmental and economic policy and forms the state budget for environmental protection measures.
ISSN 2308-4758 (Print)