Introduction. The article considers the problem of determining the oil saturation coefficient of the upper Cretaceous deposits of the Eastern Caucasus, and suggests the use of a method to increase the reliability of its determination. The study area in the regional tectonic plan covers the Prikum uplift system, the Nogai stage, and the Northern part of the Tersk-Caspian forward trough. In terms of oil - Prikumsk petroleum and Terek-Sunzha oil and gas areas. Materials and methods of the research. The paper uses data obtained by GIS methods, the results of laboratory studies of the core of upper Cretaceous deposits of the Eastern Caucasus, to solve the problem, the method of mathematical statistics is used, based on historical data of the development of deposits in this region. The results of the research and their discussion. The efficiency used to determine the saturation GIS techniques, the studied petrophysical features, reducing the accuracy of determining the coefficient of saturation of hydrocarbons (HC) Maastricht deposits. An algorithm for determining the oil saturation coefficient using the Buckley-Leverett function based on historical development data is presented on the example of several fields. Conclusions. To improve the accuracy of determining the oil saturation coefficien, a complex application of methods, both traditional (GIS) and new, including the presented method of mathematical statistics, is proposed.

Introduction. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the applicability of the method of regular thermal labels for solving practical problems in a horizontal well. According to the obtained results the estimation of the minimum and maximum gauge length between two adjacent control points of Terminalia. The results of the study showed that the method can be applied in a single-phase and two-phase stratified flow. Materials and methods of the research. The research was carried out on a certiied thermohydrodynamic stand of Bashkir State University, using low-inertia temperature sensors (K-type thermocouples). Greater measurement accuracy is achieved by accumulating a sufficient amount of laboratory data and pre-calibration of measuring instruments. Research methods consist in generalization and analysis of the recorded information, study of analytical dependencies of hydrodynamic parameters of the luid inside the horizontal well bore. The results of the study and their discussion. The evolution of an artificially generated heat label along a horizontal/ subhorizontal low is experimentally investigated. The work was carried out in conditions of single-phase and two-phase fluid flow. The algorithm of data processing for constructing distribution curves of the flow profile with output to the total low rate has been developed. The calculated gradient of the decay of Terminalia in the process of its promotion. Analytically and experimentally selected the maximum and minimum permissible ranges of the measuring base of the label flow meter, depending on the speed (flow rate) of the liquid flow. Conclusions. Based on the results of the research, the principal possibility of using the method of regular temperature labels in the conditions of a single-two-phase stratiied luid low is shown. The main dificulty in calculating the recorded data is determining the level of water-oil (oil) contact (Hold Up) in a horizontal stratified flow. In addition, the effect of thermogravitational stratification inside each liquid adds to the complexity of measurement. It is experimentally conirmed that increasing the measurement base leads to an increase in measurement accuracy, but adds complexity to data processing, due to a non-constant level of movement along the length of the stand and an uneven proile of the speed front. The requirements for the coniguration of downhole equipment that provides the ability to assess the point-to-point phase low in low-low horizontal wells are also outlined. Due to the subjective factor in the analysis and processing of recorded data, for the successful operation of the method, the "run" time of thermoanomaly should not be less than 15 seconds.

Introduction: Variety of geological and geomorphological conditions in the Caucasian Mineral Waters (CMW) region determines a wide set of exogenous geological processes operating here, among which landslides are the most developed. Spread of landslides across CMW territory is zonal and their activity is determined by the regime of natural factors and the level of anthropogenic impact on the geological environment. Both factors are characterized by spatial and temporal variability, which determines the spatial and temporal variability of landslide manifestations. Materials and methods of the research: Main research method is the analysis of various sources containing information on the distribution and activity of landslides in CMW. Cartographic method was also used to visualize the landslide zones distribution in the study area. The results of the study and their discussion: Landslide activity analysis over the last 15 years (2004-2019) has been carried out, showing that it varies by year. For example, it increased in 2005, 2006, 2010, 2016-2019. An assessment of landslide susceptibility of the studied area was also carried out, which made it possible to establish that different areas had different landslide hazards. It's important to note that the analysis of the monitoring results of landslide activity made it possible to assess only in general terms the degree of landslide hazard and activity in the CMW territory, as the lack of large-scale landslide survey materials and maps (coordinates) of the exact location of major landslide areas doesn't allow presenting a complete picture of landslide development (with an assessment of the degree of their hazard) in the studied territory. Conclusions: Systematization and analysis made it possible to assess the conditions, causes, scale and hazard of landslides developed in the CMW. It was noted that in recent years, landslide activity in the region has been the most frequently driven by economic activity. Based on the results of the survey, CMW settlements that are most susceptible to landslide processes were identified and it was also found that the majority of landslide development occurred in the Predgorny District. Landslide cases leading to threatening situations along the CMW roads became more frequent. It was shown (also on maps) that landslides are most active in the vicinity of urban agglomerations.

Introduction. n the mid-20th century, against the background of increasing contradictions and growing problems of interaction between society and nature, the concept of ecology receives a new status. From modest biological science, it is set as "a new philosophy" and "a new religion of modern human life." The main directions of her theory were based on the biosphere concept created by VI. Vernadsky in the early 20th century. The realities of modern geographical reality, including the teaching of geographical shell and landscapes, were hardly used in this approach. The notion of a geographical environment has also been lost. The term environment is common, which in geographical reality refers only to private phenomena. Materials and methods of the research. Methodological basis was the concept of geographical environment and geographical determinism. Results of the study and their discussion. In modern realities, the teaching of a geographical environment in which the natural component plays a leading role with the concept of geographical determinism should be the subject of "Geoecology." Its purpose is to control the quality and trends of transformation of the geographical environment as a whole (as a generic concept) and its separate species of spherical structures of the Earth (geological, physical and geographical abiotic, biosphere and landscape sphere environment). The environment is already the subject of a study by Landscape Ecology as part of Ecological Geography, which studies regional environmental issues. Such an environment is formed within natural, human-cultivated and cultural landscapes created by it in the process of subject-object and subject-subject relations in a particular place of life. It is the environment of a person's place of life during a short (most often daily) cycle of his life. It is complex and reflects all the variety of media that N.F. Reimers (1990) described. Conclusions. The complexity of the structure of modern geographical reality determines the great variety of environments of life of biota and man (mankind) in modern rapidly changing realities. The use of geospatial and activity approaches as the methodological basis of the concept of the geographical environment (generic concept) allows to consider the continuity of different kinds of spherical environments in the geographical shell in the hierarchical sequence of their formation.

Introduction: Agglomerated territories are actively investigated by Russian scientists. Mostly, the works are devoted to the role of agglomerations in the sustainable development of territories; administrative, managerial, and town-planning aspects are considered. At the same time, in modern conditions, Russian agglomerations have become attractive for a multi-ethnic migration flow, which leads to a change in the ethnic structure of the population not only in the core cities, but also in suburban areas. This increases interest in the study of ethnic processes in urban agglomerations. The accumulation of new knowledge about the ethnic structure of the population of urban agglomerations, the influence of agglomerated forms of settlement on the formation of the ethnic composition of the peripheral territories, is an urgent task to study the spatial features ofthe country's population formation, makes a significant contribution to the updating of humanitarian, sociological and socio-geographical studies. Materials and methods of the research: the authors use monitoring approaches based on geoinformation technologies. The basic GIS platform used is ArcGIS, a software product from ESRI. GIS is built on the principle of multi-scale and takes into account the administrative and territorial division ofthe Russian Federation. Population census materials were used as the basic source data. Within the framework ofthe research, geoinformation modeling and mapping of ethnic processes were performed. The boundaries of agglomerations are identified using the methodology developed by IG RAS, documents of strategic and territorial significance, taking into account the administrative structure of the regions of the Russian Federation. The results of the study and their discussion: features of forming the ethnic structure of the population of the Rostov, Volgograd, Stavropol, Kazan urban agglomeration and the agglomeration of Caucasian Mineral waters are considered. The general trends and regional features of the ethnic structure of the population are revealed. The general tendencies are a decrease in the proportion of Russians and other most urbanized ethnic groups (Ukrainians, Belarusians, Jews, Germans, etc.) and an increase in the number and proportion of ethnic groups with a lower level of urbanization. Conclusions: the study revealed general trends and regional characteristics of the formation of the ethnic structure of the population of urban agglomerations. Common to all agglomerations is the tendency to reduce the proportion of Russians and other, most urbanized ethnic groups (Ukrainians, Belarusians, Jews, Germans, etc.) and the increase in the number and proportion of ethnic groups with a lower level of urbanization.

Introduction. Currently there are many works devoted to the problem of forecasting hail, based on the analysis of real stratification of the atmosphere, satellite and radar information. In recent years polarization methods have been significantly developed to study the clouds and precipitation structure. Materials and methods of the research. These methods are based on a change in the polarization of the reflected signal during scattering of radio waves by various particles of the clouds. One of the tools for such studies is a meteorological radar polarimeter with a working scattering angle of 90°. There are many works carried out using a radar polarimeter in the literature. Basically, these works are theoretical and experimental. Here we will try to conduct a numerical study of convective clouds for their hail hazard by scattering light scattered by cloud drops and raindrops at a scattering angle of 90°, to find the criterial number of depolarization for centimeter wavelengths. In this regard, this work is devoted to the study of convective clouds for specific stratifications of the atmosphere. Results of the study and their discussion. On the basis of the jet convection model, a numerical study of developing convective clouds for their hail hazard by the Mie functions for centimeter wavelengths was carried out. It was shown that the depolarization value is maximum at the scattering angle of 90° and is almost constant to a certain height in the cloud, and then decreases. Depolarization decreases in scattering forward and backward, tending to zero, for other values of the scattering angle. The values of the criterial numbers of depolarization at the scattering angle of 90° were obtained for the clouds in question as a first approximation. Conclusions. The possibility of determining the hail hazard of the cloud by the numerical depolarization method is considered, determining the criterial values of the scattered light depolarization by cloud drops and raindrops for given centimeter wavelengths. It was established that according to our calculations, the clouds in question are hail hazardous and their criterial number of depolarization is D₉₀ < 0,12. For a complete solution to this problem, an analysis of the calculations of many clouds is needed. The value of depolarization is maximum and almost constant at the scattering angle of 90° for the considered wavelengths. And for other values of the scattering angle, the depolarization decreases with scattering forward and backward, tending to zero.

Introduction. The solution of complex multidimensional problems of nature management assumes their reliable information substantiation. Scientific and methodological way to ensure it is a complex system mapping. Mapping of certain aspects of nature management is actively developing in domestic and world science within the framework of certain thematic areas during the XVII-XX centuries. As an independent direction, it begins to form only at the end of the XX century. To date, a rich experience of cartographic study of the «na-ture - society» system has been accumulated, a significant methodological and information basis has been prepared in terms of content and capacity. It can be used in cartographic research of problems of nature management and its consequences. It appears most fully in the Atlas works. Materials and methods of the research. To develop the mapping of nature management and the ability to respond to public practice, it is useful to analyze the experience of Atlas mapping in all the diversity of its implementation. The subject of the analysis is mainly analytical, complex and synthetic maps of scientific reference general and specialized complex atlases of Russia and its regions. The experience of domestic atlases is analyzed in possible key areas: 1) socio-demographic resources of society, 2) natural resource base of nature management, 3) organization (types and structure) of nature management, 4) environmental consequences of nature management, 5) monitoring and rational nature management; prospects for its optimization. Results of the study and their discussion. Prospects of Atlas study of nature management at the national and regional level are connected with the development of the concept of atlases, their structure and content (list of topics). One of the main tasks of nature management mapping is to reveal by means of integrated maps various aspects of nature management, such as nature management, socio-economic, medical-geographical, environmental etc. For the last it is necessary to define a comprehensive and integrated indicators and criteria depending on the concept map, allowing to assess and reflect: efficiency use of natural resource potential of the territory, the scale of the environmental impacts of economic activities, in socio-economic development. Conclusions. Promotion of Atlas mapping in line with the new direction //Nature managements is consistent with integrative trends in the development of geographical cartography.

Introduction. Green woodlands, being the green framework of cities, respond to environmental changes in the environment. Due to the increase in the area of cities, the level of air pollution increases. The level of sulfate pollution of atmospheric air in the city of Stavropol can be traced through the determination of the level of sulfate content in the bark of woody plants. Materials and methods of the research. Studies were conducted during the autumn and spring periods. The content of sulfates in woody plants was determined in an aqueous extract of bark in accordance with the provisions of RD 52.24.405-2005 Mass concentration of sulfates in water. Measurement technique by turbidimetric method. In the course of the work, the features of sulfur accumulation by various tree species were revealed; correlative relationships between the amount of sulfates in the tree bark and the pH value as indicative signs of sulfur pollution are searched. Results of the study and their discussion. To characterize air pollution with sulfur compounds in the city of Stavropol, 51 bark samples were taken, including 9 - samples of linden (Tilia), 9 -poplar (Populus), 13 - maple (Acer), 9 - oak (Quercus), 11 - pine trees (Pinus). The analysis results - pH values and sulfate content in the tree bark - are statistically processed. As a result of spatial analysis of the distribution of sulfates in the crust, it is possible to divide the territory of Stavropol into 3 zones. Zone 1- Victory Park, Taman Forest, Central Park, Demino MDC, these areas were selected as background points, they are experiencing minimal technogenic load and are characterized by low sul-fate content in the tree bark;Zone 2 with average sulfate content in the tree bark includes: ul. Lermontov, Herzen, Military Hospital No. 1166 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Federal State Institution, MKD Demino (boiler room), in these areas there is an increase in the concentration of sulfates, but not significantly, this is largely due to the remoteness from the main sources of anthropogenic pollution, as well as to the use of gas-resistant areas in landscaping woody plants with a reduced ability to bark for gas accumulation.Zones 3 with the highest intensity of sulphate pollution of the bark of woody plants include: OJSC Stavropol Radio Plant «Signal» OJSC Milk Plant «Stavropol» (ISS), ul. Kulakova, City Center (Square), st. Dovatortsev, CJSC Red Metalist, this is connected both with emissions of industrial enterprises and with exhaust gases on the main highways of the city of Stavropol. Conclusions. The most sensitive indicators of sulfate pollution are linden (Tilia) and maple (Acer) dominant in green spaces. The high correlation between the pH value and the sulfate content in the crust of this species makes it possible to use the acidity indicator as a reliable criterion in assessing the degree of sulfate contamination.

Introduction: The paper experimentally investigates the properties of emulsions whose dispersion medium is represented by a magnetic fuid, and the dispersed phase is formed by water. Such media are new functional materials whose properties are not fully understood at the present time. Structure formation in these media can lead to signifcant changes in their macroscopic properties. In particular, the study of the electrophysical properties of magnetic emulsions is relevant. Experimental studies and their results: It is shown that under the infuence of a magnetic feld in the emulsion, chain aggregates are formed from droplets of the dispersed phase. This change in the microstructure of the emulsion affects its macroscopic properties. The specifc electrical conductivity of emulsions was measured. It was shown that under the infuence of relatively weak external magnetic felds (~ 1 kA/m), the electrophysical parameters of the emulsion can change several times. The dependence of the specifc electrical conductivity of emulsions on the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic feld, as well as on the concentration of the emulsion, was studied. Analysis of the results obtained: The detected peculiarities of electrical conductivity of the emulsion are interpreted on the basis of available theoretical data. In particular, a comparison was made with the results of calculations within the framework of the effective medium approximation. The qualitative agreement of the obtained experimental data with the existing models is shown. Conclusion: Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that the electrical conductivity of the synthesized and studied magnetic emulsions signifcantly depends on the infuence of the magnetic feld. This indicates the possibility of their practical application as magnetically controlled media.