Introduction: the paper deals with the general concepts of fractals, their geodynamic and geotectonic aspects. An example is given of the most obvious fractals - structures of the central type, in particular, stretching structures. As a result of their interpretation, a connection with minerals), ecological conditions and seismicity of the territories of the global, regional and local plans is shown. Materials and research methods: The theoretical basis of these studies is: the rotational concept of tectogenesis [7], the fuid-dynamic theory of B.A.Sokolov [6], the concept of tectonic stress felds and earthquakes by M.V. Gzovsky [3], the theory of "geosolitons" by R.M. Bembel [1] and the concept of the nature of structures of the central type by V.M. Kharchenko [7, 8]. The main methods of scientifc research were used: 1. Remote - systemaerospace; 2. The method of similarities and analogies; 3. Structural and metric; 4. Landscape-indication; 5.Axiomatic. Research results and their discussion: to confrm the relationship of fractals with minerals, seismicity and environmental conditions, the author deciphered space images, topographic maps, physical geographic maps and even a globe with the allocation of fractals (SCT) of various ranks with their subsequent interpretation and overlaying maps of minerals known anomalous phenomena (such as the Bermuda Triangle, the Tunguska event, etc.). As a result, in some cases, astounding information was obtained that makes it possible to explain the known phenomena (places of formation of tornadoes and typhoons, falling meteorites, the origin of oil swamps and lakes, the place of origin of earthquakes and volcanoplutonic activity, migration routes of harmful pollutants on the earth's surface and in the upper layers of the earth's crust. etc.). Thus, within the known Astrakhan gas condensate feld, fractal analysis reveals the migration paths of pollutants (radionuclides) through the zones of interference of the discharge areas and areas of their possible accumulation in the foodplain and delta of the Volga River. Such examples can be cited in any territory of Russia and other countries. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted studies, it was revealed that SCTs are a clear example of geological fractals, the interpretation of which proved the possibility of searching for mineral deposits, including oil and gas, predicting natural anomalous phenomena, environmental conditions and seismicity of territories of different scales.

Introduction. The set of measures to increase the productivity of wells and increase gas and condensate recovery includes waterproofng works to restrict the infow of formation and bottom water. At the stage of development of gas condensate deposits of the Beregovoye feld, vertical and horizontal wells are fooded during operation due to poor-quality cementing along the annulus. This phenomenon leads to a complication in the form of a decrease in gas and condensate production rates, the creation of sand plugs, the formation of gas hydrates, which negatively affects the productivity index of wells. The increase in the idle well stock due to the fooding of the gas condensate reservoir of the BT10 and BT11 formations indicates the low effciency of the introduced water shut-off technologies. Materials and methods of research. The problem of limiting the breakthrough of formation water in wells operating gas condensate deposits of the BT10 and BT11 formations of the Beregovoye feld requires attention from the side of the applied insulating compounds and materials. This is due to the fact that, along with a large number of used waterproofng solutions, some of the water-soluble compositions are not very effective. To ensure high-quality isolation of water infow, plugging compounds must have the following properties: the reagent must be well fltered and retain this property during its injection; the setting time of the composition should be easily regulated; the composition must be resistant to dilution by formation waters and maintain stability at the temperature and pressure of the well for the entire period of water shut-off works (VIR). Results and Discussion. In order to determine the technical condition and identify the place of water infow into the wellbore, the branch of the UGE "Yamalpromgeofzika" carried out feld geophysical surveys (PLT) in a working well. As a result of the research, it was revealed that by the nature of the behavior of the temperature logging curves, there is a behind-the-casing crossfow from the bottom with an exit into the interval of opening the formation. The results of pilot tests of the integrated technology of water shut-off works at gas condensate wells in Western Siberia felds have shown its effectiveness. Conclusion. Based on the results of the performed geological and technical measures to eliminate the behind-the-casing fows from the underlying aquifer, an increase in the productivity factor can be explained. Thus, an increase in the fow rate during the current studies showed the following: the total fow rate according to the results of production logging before VIR was 47 thousand m3 / day (on a ø12 mm washer). Based on the results of these studies, the total fow rate of well № 156, operating the gas condensate reservoir of the BT10 formation of the Beregovoye feld, was 106 thousand m3 / day.

Introduction. As a result of the operation of the Srednebotuobinskoye feld, with an advanced decrease in pressure in the gas condensate area of the formation as compared to the underlying oil rim, an uncontrolled fow of oil into the gas condensate reservoir occurs. At the same time, one of the important indicators of feld development is the condensate recovery factor (CIR), which represents the ratio of losses of hydrocarbons in the reservoir to their geological reserves. This phenomenon has a negative impact on the condensate recovery of deposits, including the process of precipitation of heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Materials and methods of research. The infuence of residual oil on reservoir losses of hydrocarbons in the development of gas condensate deposits in the northern dome of the Srednebotuobinskoye feld was determined based on the results of experimental studies. The determination of the effect of oil vapors on condensate recovery was carried out experimentally on a PVT unit by the method of differential condensation or on the basis of analytical methods under the condition of oil content in the gas condensate system. Experimental study of oil-gas systems was carried out on combined reservoir samples in the presence of residual oil. Based on the results of thermodynamic studies, predictive curves of reservoir condensate losses were constructed for the current period of reservoir development. Results and Discussion. The presence of residual oil has a certain impact on reservoir losses of hydrocarbons and thermodynamic properties at all stages of feld development. As a result, the steam-gas system contains a certain amount of oil fractions. Their concentration (oil content) in the reservoir gas depends on the reservoir pressure, as well as the composition of the reservoir oil. Therefore, it has a negative impact on the value of the condensate recovery factor and component recovery of hydrocarbons. This issue is of particular relevance for the reservoir systems of the Srednebotuobinskoye oil and gas condensate feld. In order to determine the oil content of reservoir systems, empirical formulas are actively used. Methods for predicting the presence of residual oil in a multicomponent mixture are based on the use of equations of state. Conclusion. During the operation of the oil and gas condensate reservoir of the Srednebotuobinskoye feld, the component composition (mixture of gas condensate vapors and oil) of the produced gas condensate system changes, which affects the change in the composition of the formation fuid during the development of the feld. Prediction of the effect of residual oil and its crossfows of the underlying oil rim on the amount of condensate recovery was carried out under various thermodynamic conditions. The graphical dependence shows that in the presence of heavy oil fractions in the gascondensate system, the condensation process intensifes. At the same time, formation condensate losses in the reservoir increase.

Introduction. Blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) are an important compo- nent of ecosystems. They contribute to the transmission of dangerous pathogens such as West Nile fever (WNF), malaria, tularemia, etc. therefore, monitoring of blood-sucking mosquitoes, studying the geographical distribution, their biology, ecology, biocenology, physiology and pathogenic significance is a task of the theoretical and epidemiological vector. Stavropol Territory is one of the regions with a high risk of malaria importation and the formation of local foci. According to the potential risk of malaria transmission, the region can be divided into three zones. The first is a zone of sustained risk of malaria transmission; the second is a zone of moderate risk; the third is a zone of low risk. Material and methods of research. The material for this work was the results of field studies, collecting mosquitoes in natural biotopes of various landscapes from May to September in different seasons of 2015-2017 by mowing with a net, by catching "on yourself "[6], in the room with a "test tube", collecting eggs and larvae of 1 - 4 ages from reservoirs. In total, more than 5 thousand imago and larvae of mosquitoes were caught and identiied. To determine the species identity, the guidelines of Gutsevich and co-authors (1970) and Gornostaeva and Danilov (1999) were used [1, 3, 10]. During the analyzed period, 16 territories of the region were surveyed in the reservoirs of which the preimaginal stages of mosquitoes were monitored, we selected more than 2500 water samples. The greatest abundance of larvae per m^A2 (more than 50 specimens) was observed in the Kirovsky and Shpa-kovsky districts. Results and their discussion. As the results of the study, a list of blood-sucking mosquitoes is presented, compiled on the basis of our own research and literature data on the location of certain Culicidae species in the Stavropol Territory [4,5,7,8]. The names of taxonomic categories are given in accordance with recent publications of domestic and foreign authors [1, 9, 11]. The species composition of blood-sucking mosquitoes in the study area is represented by eight genera: Anopheles Meigen, 1818; Uranotaenia Lynch Arribalzaga, 1891 ;Culiseta Felt, 1904; Aedes Meigen, 1818; Dahliana Reinert, Har-bach & Knelling, 2006; Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribalzara; Culex Linnaeus, 1758; Coguillettidia Dyar, 1905 Conclusions. In all landscapes of the Stavropol Territory, the largest number of species belongs to the genus Ochlerotatus (10), which is typical not only for the blood - sucking mosquito fauna of the Stavropol Territory, but also for the Culicidae fauna of Russia as a whole [2, 9]. No more than 12 species of blood-sucking mosquitoes can be considered background species, and the following species of mosquitoes-Anopheles hyrcanus, Anopheles maculipennis, Culex modestus, Cx.pipiens pipiens, Coquillettidia richardii and Aedes mosquitoes. Blood-sucking mosquitoes are of great medical importance, being carriers of common infections, including malaria. The main breeding sites for malaria mosquitoes are reservoirs, ponds, lakes, streams, wetlands in floodplains, old rivers, spring mochaks, and a developed irrigation network. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out timely certification of reservoirs.

Introduction and problem statement. It is noted that the intercapital location as a type of inter-central geographical posi- tion generates a special type of spatial inequality between capitals (metropolitan regions) and their hinterlands. None of the regions of the Union State is experiencing such a strong impact on its development from the capitals and capital regions as the Russian-Belarusian borderland. Qualitative and functional differences (development inequality) turn into quantitative differences (economic growth inequality). Territorial socioeconomic polarization has become the most important feature of economic dynamics in the inter-capital space. Data and methods. Territorial inequalities have been revealed by applying statistical and spatial analysis to the statistical data. In addition to spatial analysis, the study uses comparative geographical and cartographic methods. The provisions of the center-periphery theory as well as those of growth poles and development and production-territorial systems have been the theoretical basis of the research. The research findings and discussion. The study revealed significant socio-economic inequalities between the capital regions and the ones of the Russian-Belarusian border areas. Structural inequalities have increased for the post-Soviet period what eventually has led to signiicant quantitative inequalities. The gap between successful metropolitan areas and inter-capital periphery is widening. The uniqueness of the situation lies in the fact that development the metropolitan regions being a positive process of changes in the economic structure is at the same time accompanied by the economic degradation of inter-capital areas where the share of high-tech industries is decreasing. The concentration of population, cultural and scientific potential and higher education in Moscow and Minsk has a "toxic effect" on the development of periphery of the inter-capital space, creates "lacunae" on certain territories of the Russian-Belarusian borderland. Conclusions. The most important feature of the economic transformation of the Russian-Belar- usian border areas is the increasing trend for these regions to become the periphery. It is especially obvious when it comes to the increasing share of the capitals and metropolitan regions in the development of the most creative and high-tech industries. With little state regulation in the field of regional policy Minsk and Moscow are developing as "total" capitals "pumping" intellectual capital out of the border regions. Their structural degradation can be stopped only by way of adopting a different regional policy, aimed at the development of higher education, creative and high-tech industries.

Introduction. The article presents the method of integral assessment of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment as an integral part of a comprehensive environmental assessment of the territory of Russia. The methodology is based on the aggregation of indicators of human impact on the most important components of the natural environment. Materials and methods of the research. The calculated relative indicators of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment for the assessment were compiled into two data sets: for 2018 and for 2010-2018. The first set of data was used to analyze the spatial distribution of environmental assessment characteristics, and the second set was used to retrospectively analyze the corresponding estimates. Based on the obtained set of indicators for the study, a two-stage evaluation algorithm developed by one of the authors was chosen [Tikunov, 1997]. The applied graphical technique of color separation of data related to various components of the natural environment improves the visibility of the results of the assessment, and is also reflected in the mapping of the integral index of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment using the color triangle method. The results of the study and their discussion. As a result of the calculations carried out for the data set for 2018, four vectors were formed containing the values of the partial indices of anthropogenic impact on atmospheric air, surface water, soil cover and the integral index of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, respectively, for all the regions of Russia provided with statistics. All indices are formed according to the principle of increasing the anthropogenic impact when the value of the corresponding index increases. For a data set that includes the values of indicators from 2010 to 2018, a similar set of indices is also calculated, and 4 matrices of dimension 81 x 9 for the regions of Russia for each year are formed. These matrices allow not only to identify spatial patterns of distribution of the level of anthropogenic impact, but also to study the dynamics of this phenomenon in relation to the regions of Russia. Conclusions. Using this method of assessing the anthropogenic impact on the natural environ- ment, it is possible to effectively identify the regions of Russia in which active actions of state authorities are required to reduce environmental pollution. This is achieved by simultaneously assessing each region in terms of the magnitude of the anthropogenic impact, the components of the natural environment that are most affected, as well as the dynamics of this impact.

Introduction. The question on the role of knowledge in the economy was raised at the beginning of the twentieth century, but there is still no comprehensive typology of knowledge in terms of improving the policy of regional development. This article fills this gap by summarizing and critically analyzing ideas about different types of knowledge that are of value and are the most important factors of production in a modern, innovation-oriented economy. The purpose of the study is to identify existing types of knowledge and determine their characteristic features, based on the logic of dual perception of knowledge with an object-process approach. Materials and methods of the research. The article contributes to the enhancement of theoretical and methodological ideas about the typology of knowledge at the intersection of economics and economic geography. The study uses the method of structural review, defragmenting the types of knowledge by semiotic characteristics, by stages of the life cycle, by timeline, by openness of access and freedom of use, by propositionality and degree of complexity. Research results. The theoretical and methodological specificity of registering knowledge as an object and process with respect to territorial, institutional, functional, organizational, structural, temporary, and cognitive factors is shown. The lack of tools for accounting for different types of knowledge at the regional level is revealed. Registration of the created and direct evaluation of accumulated knowledge of various types is possible only with its codification, while the assessment of implicit knowledge is carried out indirectly. Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the importance of the diversity of knowl- edge in the new economy and the presence of signiicant differences between different knowledge types, which should be taken into account when developing approaches and methods to managing the intellectual capital of regions.

Introduction. The goal of the present study is to investigate atmospheric circulation over Central Ciscaucasia during the transition period from winter to spring. The second goal of the study is to calculate and analyses the air temperature regime in February and March. The third goal of the study is defining dates of the average daily air temperature stable transition through 0 ºC upwards. The article addresses the change in these characteristics in the XX and XXI centuries and the calculation of standard climatic variables for the 1991-2020 reference 30-years period. Materials and methods of the research. The present study was based on the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia and Stavropol CGMS archive synoptic maps. The weather observation data recorded by 16 meteorological stations in the Stavropol Territory in 1991-2020, data from the Climate Reference Book of the USSR [17] and the monograph “Stavropol Territory: modern climatic conditions” [4] were used for the analyses of the temperature regime and spring onset date estimation. The study based on synoptic, physical-statistical and regression analysis methods. The results of the study and their discussion. The synoptic situation, typical for the moment of spring onset in Central Ciscaucasia, was revealed. The average February and March air temperature values on spring onset dates in different landscapes of the Central Ciscaucasia were estimated, and their fluctuations during this period were studied. The earliest and latest spring onset dates and the ratio of early and late spring onsets were determined. The characteristic of the dominant trend in long-term air temperature changes and the assessment of spring onset date change in the region were given. Conclusions. The atmospheric circulation system over the Central Ciscaucasia during the transition period from winter to spring and the synoptic situation, which repeats with slight variations on all dates of the stable transition of air temperature through 0 °C, were described. The present study showed a temperature increase in February and March. The most notable temperature increase was recorded in the XXI century. Despite pronounced fluctuations from year to year, the mean spring onset dates shifted to earlier dates in each of the considered long-term periods. Currently, the standard climatic norm for the spring onset in Central Ciscaucasia is the 18th of February.

Introduction. The task of artificially increasing precipitation is one of the most urgent in the general problem of active human influences on hydrometeorological processes. In general, the extensive theoretical and experimental research carried out made it possible for the first time in our country since 1985 to begin pilot production work to artificially increase precipitation in areas with insufficient natural moisture. Since 1986, large-scale experiments have been carried out on additional moistening of farmland in the Stavropol Territory. However, in the works on active exposure there are a number of unresolved problems related to the statistical assessment of their results. It is dificult to identify changes in the amount of precipitation, since precipitation is subject to significant natural fluctuations. There are assumptions that an increase in precipitation over a certain territory should be accompanied by a decrease in precipitation in another area located relatively further downwind, i.e., that the impacts do not lead to an absolute increase in precipitation, but to some redistribution over the area. The processes of redistribution of precipitation can be observed in a relatively narrow area at a distance of 85 and 120 km [1]. Materials and methods of the research. The problem of assessing the results of active impacts on clouds has arisen since the first attempts to carry out such impacts. At the same time, if the results of seeding stratus clouds that do not give precipitation could often be monitored visually or recorded on photographic ilm and using radar observations, the effects of the impact on convective cloudiness, especially in conditions of precipitation, are most often veiled by the process of their natural evolution [2]. Meanwhile, it is precisely the impacts aimed at intensifying the processes of natural sedimentation that provide the maximum absolute increment in precipitation [3]. The results of the study and their discussion. This article presents the results of a statistical assessment of the redistribution of precipitation using the historical regression method. The method is based on the use of data from long-term observations of atmospheric precipitation in protected and adjacent areas of equal size. High values of the correlation coefficients r were obtained between the precipitation-gauge rows of the adjacent territory and the control territory with estimates of the errors of their calculation (Sr) for the time period before active influences, obtained by calculating the values of the linear regression coefficients p between the precipitation-gauge rows (x-yi) and the resulting linear regression equation. Also, in this work, the three-delta method is used to assess the significance of the impact effect in a single experiment (for one season) [4-6]. Conclusions. It should be noted that the results of the statistical assessment make it possible to say that during the season of operational work to artificially increase precipitation, a redistribution of precipitation from 13% to 25% of the average monthly precipitation rate in the adjacent and control territories can be observed.

Introduction. In 2017 The Republic of Turkmenistan has adopted Law No. 569-v on environmental safety, which is an indicator of the severity of environmental and resource problems. This article attempts to provide an integrated assessment of the current state of the natural resource potential of the country based on the methodology for assessing the ecological and economic balance of the territory. This will allow us to solve the problems of effective use of land resources and improvement of disturbed areas. Materials and methods of research. The methodology proposed by B. I. Kochurov is the most appropriate for understanding the ecological state of administrative units. The degree and vector of anthropogenic impact, the level of ecosystem stability in this method are evaluated in the characteristics of the ecological and economic balance of the territory. The analysis of the structure of land use was carried out on the basis of the classification units used in the statistical yearbooks of Turkmenistan of the National Institute of State Statistics and Information Turkmenmillihasabat. Research results and their discussion. Calculations of the coefficients of absolute and relative tension and natural protection for 5 velayats of the republic are presented. It is established that the coefficient of natural protection of the territory of the Balkan velayat differs greatly from other administrative units. Conclusions. The results of the spatial distribution of the coefficients characterizing the ecological and economic balance in the velayats of the republic show some discrepancy in the indicators. The considered indicators of the ECB of the region are related to the structure of land use, the degree of intensity of agriculture, the presence of natural ecosystems and the development of the network of specially protected areas.

Introduction. The article describes the prerequisites and stages of restoration of meadow steppes on the territory of the Stavropol Botanical Garden, created by planting sod, taken in natural conditions - mount Strizhament, mount Buchinka, Novomaryevskaya Polyana and Vishnevaya Polyana. The course of work is described, it was found that the best planting dates are spring and autumn, the average size of the turf is 27.9 × 23.5 cm2. The main part. The monitoring methodology developed in the course of research includes: the study of the influence of the maintenance regime on the species composition of the phytocenosis (mowed, reserved), the general characteristics of the phytocenosis (description of the course of seasonal changes, accounting for species saturation, accounting for productivity, morphometric studies of individual species, monitoring of the state of the dominant steppe formation, accounting for life forms, accounting for succession processes occurring in various variants, mapping sites, age composition of the population, phenological observations, studying the seed productivity of cenosis species, animal activity, etc.), study of rare species (population-quantitative records, age structure, ability of the population to self-support due to seed or vegetative reproduction, accounting for fruiting), study of underground parts of plants of phytocenosis. Recommended maintenance works are described (removal of vegetation that is not typical for the restored type of cenosis, protection of sites during periods of increased fire risk, contour mowing of adjacent territories to avoid fire spread, mowing, collecting and exporting hay from the territories of restored mowed areas, removal of tree and shrub growth on age-protected areas during their spontaneous afforestation). Results of reasearch. The current state of the exhibition and experimental plots is presented - high species saturation (74 ... 111 species) with a predominance of perennials - 82 ... 92%, the percentage of botanical groups in herbage - mixed herbs - 60 ... 69%, legumes - 9 ... 18%, cereals and sedges 18 ... 22%, the productivity of the grass - 23,0... 37.6 с/ha. In the areas of meadow-steppe formations, a total of 18 rare and endangered species are preserved. Under a permanent reservation conditions, microgroupings of the thickets of bushes type from Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, Genista tinctoria, Calamagrostis epigejos, species of the genus Rosa. Self-seeding of tree and shrub species are note with varying degrees of abundance.