Introduction. The object of the study is the carbonate deposit of the Lower Triassic Neftekumsk Formation (Zimnyaya-Stavka field and Pushkarskoye field) in the Eastern Stavropol Territory. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of oil field development based on the analysis of field and geological data, deciphering of satellite images and interpretation of structures of central type (SCT).

Materials and methods of research. Regional studies of the fields of the Eastern Ciscaucasia, data on oil deposits and satellite images of various levels of generalization were used. New, non-traditional methods were employed, among which a field-lineament approach and a new method for selecting objects for the additional development of oil fields, based on deciphering of satellite images and interpretation of the structures of central type, taking into account data on the location of zones of increased productivity. Results and discussion.

Research results and their discussion. As a result of the analysis and mapping of wells with the largest accumulated oil recovery from the main productive formations of the studied field, local centers of high-yield zones were identified. A scheme of oil and gas geological zoning of the central type structures and lineament nodes at the studied oil field was built, promising targets for infill drilling and geological and technical operations were identified to increase the degree of development of residual reserves, indicating specific areas for further development of this field.

Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the geotectonic activity of the studied region, the influence of the geodynamic factor on the productivity of wells was established. The use of these approaches will improve the efficiency of forecasting carbonate reservoirs in order to identify promising and developed objects of additional exploration and development for infill drilling, geological and technical operations, and increase the degree of reserves development.

Introduction. The article discusses the features of spatial planning organization of urban landscape in Stavropol based on the selection and analysis of morphotypes of urban buildings, as spatial and territorial formations of the same type of functional, historical and planning structure, formed by choice, architectural and temporary objects, and undergoing constant change, taking into account the development of urban environment. The study gives general assessment of the importance of identifying morphotypes of the urban landscape and the possibility of morphotype consideration at different stages of the analysis of its territorial organization and structure.

Materials and research methods. The work is based on the analysis of historical cartographic material, topographic plans and modern data of remote sensing of the Earth. The main methods for studying the urban landscape are historical, diachronic analysis, cartographic, aerospace, GIS technologies.

Research results and their discussion. The historical prerequisites for the formation of morphotypes of the Stavropol urban landscape are revealed. A diachronic analysis of the landscape of the city of Stavropol was carried out in the period from 1777 to 2022, and on its basis, a map of the formation of the spatial planning organization of the urban landscape was developed. The main morphotypes of the development of the city of Stavropol are determined. The analysis of changes in the morphotype of the urban landscape was carried out by the example of a city quarter with determination of important quantitative indicators characterizing the intra-quarter morphology of the urban space.

Conclusions. As a result of the morphotype analysis of urban landscape, it is possible to obtain data that allow carrying out a landscape-ecological assessment of the urban environment, assessing the current and future state of the spatial planning organization of the urban landscape, regulating urban development and forming the urban environment. It also provides an opportunity to determine the vector of city development in the spatial, socio-economic and landscapeecological respect.

Introduction. In the last decades of the XX–XXI centuries, the nature of population reproduction in Russia and its regions has changed. During the post-Soviet period, the country is undergoing a deep demographic crisis, depopulation processes have been actively developed. In this regard, geoinformation monitoring of population reproduction in Russia becomes relevant.

Materials and research methods. Geoinformation monitoring of population reproduction was carried out at the level of Russia and regions using two components of reproduction: natural movement and migration of the population. The spatial data base «Population Reproduction in Russia» is organized to analyze the transformation of population reproduction. The following methods are used in the study: typological, geo-information, centrographic method, method of qualitative and quantitative background, methods of cartographic diagrams, ranges of values, method of movement of arrows.

Research results and their discussion. Russia is characterized by a decrease in the population. On average, the population is declining by 66 thousand people a year. There are 4 periods according to the nature of population reproduction: 1990–2000, 2001– 2010, 2011–2017, 2018–2021. A typology of regions was carried out with the construction of cartographic material, and the transformation of population reproduction was analyzed with the identification of all-Russian and regional trends in the formation of the population of the post-Soviet period in Russia.

Conclusions. The process of population reproduction is heterogeneous both in time and space. The territory of Russia is characterized by a diverse dynamics of natural and migration growth in the regions, the preservation of one type of population reproduction is characteristic of an extremely small number of regions. The reproduction of the population from 2011-2017 should be noted since the process is undergoing significant changes, in the regions of Russia there is a positive overall population growth associated with a reduction in the natural population decline and migration growth in the territory.

Introduction. One of the indicators characterizing the difference of socio-economic development of any state, subject and municipality is the standard of living of the population. The article analyzes the standard of living of the population of the regions of the North Caucasus economic region.

Materials and research methods. The article puts forward a solution to the problem of developing an integral indicator of the living standard based on the method of summing the points. Data from open statistical sources of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Unified interdepartmental information and statistical system database of 2018, 2019 and 2020 are used as an information basis. Based on the results of average values obtained over a three-year observation period, a rating and subsequent typology of regions were specified. In total, five groups of territories with different indicators of the living standard were identified, and their mapping was carried out.

Research results and their discussion. The article analyzes the dynamics of the integral indicator of the living standard in individual regions. Distinctive features are established and a component-by-component analysis of the components of the living standard by groups of regions with different parameters is performed. The features of the territorial differentiation of the North Caucasus are revealed both in terms of integral and specific indicators.

Conclusion. The integral index of the living standard makes it possible to assess the nature of the well-being of the population of individual territories, although it does not always take into account the disproportions between individual indicators, which are leveled when they are integrated. The living standard of the population in the regions of the North Caucasus economic region in some cases lags behind the average one in Russia, which is especially noticeable in terms of material well-being. Significant inter-regional inequality in terms of living standards has been established. Particularly low parameters are characteristic of ethnic republics.

Introduction. At the present stage of development in Russia, and in the context of the ongoing transformation of the settlement system in the country, the most important role is played by urban agglomerations, which concentrate significant demographic and economic potential. Krasnodar monocentric urban agglomeration has an advantageous geographical location and is situated in the focus of transport highways connecting the center of the Russian Federation with the ports of the Black and Azov Seas, resorts of the Black Sea coast and the Transcaucasia. It is a major node in the basic framework of population settlement and a significant point on the agglomeration map of Russia, which makes it important to study its demographic development and determine demographic potential.

Materials and research methods. The information base of the study is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the database of indicators of municipalities and other departments for the period from 1989 to 2021, by population, demographic and migration indicators, the territorial structure of the migration flow. The definition of agglomeration boundaries is based on the methodology of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the use of GIS technologies. The medium-term forecast of the population of the agglomeration is made on the basis of the finite-difference Malthus equation.

Research results and their discussion. With the use of GIS technologies the study determined the composition, analyzed the structure and spatial development of the urban agglomeration. It has been revealed that it is one of the fastest growing in Russia. The natural population growth has maintained for a long time, and only last year it started declining. The main role in the formation of the population is played by migration of all types (international, interregional, intraregional). Demographically, at the intra-agglomeration level, the core and the nearest suburbs stand out clearly in the first place. The peripheral zone, which falls within the 1.5-hour zone of transport accessibility, has negative demographic trends.

Conclusions. The conducted analysis made it possible to identify the demographic features of Krasnodar urban agglomeration. Demographically, there is a clear differentiation of the core, suburban and peripheral zones. The population is growing rapidly in the core of the agglomeration and the nearest suburb. In some suburban settlements, the growth rate is higher than in the core. According to the scale of the migration growth, the agglomeration is in the top three agglomerations of Russia, second only to the capital. The demographic prospects of the agglomeration are highly optimistic. In the future, the population growth will continue, but their volume will gradually decrease due to the increasing negative trends in the demographic situation in Russia.

Introduction. Fog is one of the dangerous weather phenomena, since it has a negative impact on the operation of all types of transport, worsens the ecological state of the air basin of cities, leads to deterioration in the well-being of people with a number of diseases, etc. Therefore, the study of the fog regime and its dynamics is an important task, especially in the era of rapid and significant climate change. The work is devoted to the study of the regime of fogs in various landscapes of the Central Ciscaucasia. The main characteristics of the fog regime in the current climate are calculated. To determine the change in the fog regime, the new century data are compared with data for two multi-year periods of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the modern regime of fogs in the resort of Kislovodsk and in airport areas in Mineralnye Vody and Stavropol.

Materials and research methods. The information base for the analysis of the fog regime was the observation data of 16 meteorological stations of the Stavropol Krai for 2001–2020, data from the USSR Climate Reference Book [24] and the monograph “Stavropol Territory: modern climatic conditions” [5]. The studies were carried out by methods of physical-statistical and regression analysis.

Research results and their discussion. For all meteorological stations of the Central Ciscaucasia, the averaged main characteristics of the fog regime for the first two full 10 years of the new century are calculated: the annual, seasonal and monthly number of days with fog and their total duration in the indicated periods. The extreme values of the specified characteristics are determined. The analysis of the annual course of the main characteristics of fogs has been carried out. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the obtained data with data over two long-term periods of the 20th century, the characteristic of the dominant trend in long-term changes in the frequency and duration of fogs is given.

Conclusion. It is shown that the distribution of fogs over the territory of the Stavropol Krai has a complex character; there is no clear connection with the landscape structure. For most of the region, there is a certain similarity in the trends in changing the fog regime: decrease in the annual number of days with fog; reduction of the total annual duration of fogs; decrease in the proportion of fogs of the cold period in the annual number of days with fog; reduction in the share of fogs of the cold period in the total annual duration of fogs; decrease in the duration of one fog both on average per year and during the cold period.

Introduction. The article discusses the features of carrying out repair and restoration work in gas wells of Western Siberian fields that are at the stage of declining production. The compositions of process fluids used to block the bottomhole formation zone during well killing, to isolate the inflow of formation waters in various mining and geological conditions are given. The compositions of process fluids used in repair and restoration work in certain fields of Western Siberia are presented. They are easily removed when inducing inflow from the formation, and allow providing the required pressure at the bottomhole, as well as maintaining the reservoir properties of the productive formation and preventing its destruction.

Materials and research methods. Based on the generalization of field experience in killing wells, fields at the stage of declining production, the results of their own theoretical, laboratory and bench studies.

Research results and their discussion. When killing wells with temporary blocking of the bottomhole formation zone, the choice of the composition of process fluids with high stability, low filtration, in a wide range of adjustable density and rheological properties, allows creating the necessary repression on the formation and carrying out various operations in the well without complications. Technological fluids for killing wells, which are direct-type emulsion systems based on a composite reagent, are pseudo-plastic systems in terms of rheological parameters, where the density range is 900-1000 kg/m3. The properties of the emulsion solution based on the kill fluid reagent are determined by the complex effect of the reagents included in its composition. Filler-based blocking fluids are used to temporarily block the bottomhole formation zone of wells, and are prepared by introducing the calculated amount of the reagent into the required volume of killing fluid based on the killing fluid reagent. As a water-insulating composition for creating an insulating barrier in the reservoir, a formulation of a gel-forming composition based on a reagent – a dry mixture for carrying out repair and restoration work and a gelforming reagent – is considered.

Conclusions. Based on the study, it was determined that the most promising technology for killing wells under conditions of abnormally low formation pressures is the technology of preliminary blocking of the bottomhole formation zone using blocking fluids with filler. To ensure high efficiency of repair and restoration work, preliminary calculations of the process fluids used are necessary, taking into account the mining and geological conditions of the reservoir and the geometric parameters of the well.

Introduction. One of the ways to increase oil recovery at the late stages of development of mature fields is the drilling of lateral shafts with horizontal sections. Hard-to-recover residual oil reserves are mainly concentrated in the marginal zones of formations with small oil-saturated thicknesses and low permeability. The article studies the efficiency of drilling lateral horizontal shafts and the resulting additional oil production by multifactor analysis with account of geological heterogeneity and technological features.

Materials and research methods. The effectiveness of the results obtained when drilling lateral horizontal shafts depends not only on the choice of a point on the map of the oil reservoir, but also on the structure of the residual hard-to-recover oil reserves and the filtration and reservoir properties of the reservoir. The article presents an analysis of the obtained results of drilled horizontal lateral shafts, the placement of which was worked out with account of the facies conditions of formation and geological heterogeneity.

Research results and their discussion. The authors analyzed the operation of lateral horizontal shafts from the moment of their launch, which makes it possible to determine the dependence of the efficiency of their work on the joint or separate operation of the AB1 3 and AB2 layers, taking into account the geological features of sedimentation and differences in filtration and capacitance properties. To select prospective wells for cutting the lateral trunk, groups of facies of continental genesis were identified, with which sand bodies are associated.

Conclusion. The dependency of technological parameters of the lateral second shafts on geological features is traced. On the basis of factor analysis directions for further approaches to the drilling of the UW are specified. Monitoring of the actual data determined the factors affecting the efficiency of the input technological indicators of the wells.

Introduction. During the development of gas condensate deposits for depletion, with a decrease in reservoir pressure, condensate falls out in the bottomhole zone of wells (BWZ) and a zone with increased condensate saturation is formed.

Materials and methods of research. The considered method of non-stationary operating mode was justified by the example of the development of the Achimov deposits of the Urengoyskoye field using the tNavigator software package.

Research results and their discussion. The work studies a method of periodical shutting down a gas condensate well in order to increase the additional recovery of retrograde condensate from the reservoir. The optimal well shutdown period is substantiated through the use of hydrodynamic modeling. The paper also analyzes the factors aimed at maintaining the maximum effect from the periodic operation of the well, the main of which is the mode of operation after the well is launched. The considered method of non-stationary operating mode was justified by the example of the development of the Achimov deposits of the Urengoyskoye field using the tNavigator software package. The initial information for modeling was the following: monthly operational reports (MER); results of gas condensate studies; downhole and wellhead measurement data.

Conclusion. Based on the studies performed to determine the optimal duration of well shutdown during the development of the Achimov deposits of the Urengoyskoye field, it was revealed that the shutdown duration (more than 183 days) will have a negative impact on the potential condensate content in the formation gas. It has been substantiated that the efficiency of periodic shutdowns is affected by the technological mode of well operation after start-up. Also, the drawdown reduction makes it possible to preserve the effect of the reverse dissolution of condensate through the use of the natural energy of the reservoir.