Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the current state of the vegetation cover and preserve the natural complexes of the midmountain landscapes of the Stavropol Territory. The Kislovodsky National Park was studied as the most representative territory. To identify the current state of the flora and vegetation of the national park, the floristic composition and characteristic plant communities of this territory were studied. The issues of localization and landscape differentiation of mountain-steppe and mountain-forest phytocenoses of the Kislovodsky National Park were also considered.

Materials and research methods. The article analyzes the results of field studies of the national park in 2018-2021. Route studies covered various elements of relief, landscape areas and plant communities of the SPNA "National Park" Kislovodsky "and its buffer zone. The study included flora and vegetation, as well as individual floristic objects of the natural complex of the park. Coenotic surveys, collection and processing of field material were carried out according to generally accepted geobotanical methods. The work is based on geobotanical descriptions of plant communities in key areas. Monitoring studies concerned the study and conservation of a rare component of the flora of protected areas.

The results of the study and their discussion. Within the studied communities, we identified four enlarged variants of natural vegetation, differing in the composition of the cenoflora, dominant species, structure, and coverage of species. The phytocenoses characterized in the article reflect generalized ecotopic units associated with the ecological regime and water-physical properties of habitats. The rare component of the flora of the surveyed area is represented by at least 21 rare species that are subject to regional and federal protection. The biocenotic subsystem of the park has quite well preserved the natural gene pool. It is represented by oligodominant forests, steppe meadows, mountain-steppe forb-grass phytocenoses, woody-shrub woodlands. Groups of calcepetrophytes are developed.

Conclusions. The landscapes of the national park are unique in their biotic characteristics. This is due to significant dissection, and in heat and moisture circulation - an increase in moisture and a decrease in thermal performance. In view of the formation of large areas of forest park zones, there are a large number of introduced species. At the same time, they experience a significant anthropogenic load. In the study area, the vegetation cover of landscape areas and tracts is represented by a series of representative communities of a good degree of preservation. It serves the purposes of effective protection and maintenance of a sustainable ecological balance in the main protected area. Meanwhile, the state of flora and vegetation in connection with the current pace of their "development" requires additional measures to limit economic activity and adverse anthropogenic impacts on the natural complex of protected areas. Observations have shown that due to the nature of the development of the territory (recreational load, proximity to the residential part of the resort city), the vast majority of registered rare species have difficulties in the reproductive activity of plants and low competitiveness.

Introduction. The article discusses issues related to the actualization of the problem of obtaining environmentally friendly products in the context of the requirements of sustainable development and the growing shortage of food. The basis for increasing the level of sustainability in agriculture should be the processes of gross savings of the productivity potential of land resources. From these positions, it is necessary to integrate environmental management indicators into the system of assessing the total capital of economic entities operating at the grassroots territorial level.

Materials and methods of research. Through the use of balance generalizations, a specialized system of coefficients, cartographic surveys, the importance of strict compliance with the normative approach in assessing the parameters of productivity of land resources, both in terms of their artificial and organic support, is shown.

Results. Using modeling procedures, variants of nutrient recovery in the soil are presented, which made it possible to form a block model of the forecast of agricultural nature management, focused on the need for capital increment and, above all, in terms of its land form.

Conclusions. The use of such a model makes it possible to conclude that it is necessary to increase the integrating importance of territorial environmental protection bodies, which should be focused on an integrated system of monitoring the state of land resources, allowing to increase the synergetic role of information flows of grassroots economic and territorial entities.

Introduction. Mammals are of great practical importance for humans as hunting species, agricultural pests, carriers of especially dangerous infections. Only in Stavropol region, about 20 species from three orders (rodents, insectivores and hares) are known as carriers and reservoirs of such dangerous diseases for humans as plague, tularemia, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. The last generalizing publication on the mammals fauna of Stavropol region was made in 2000. It contains 89 taxa of the species rank. Since then, both qualitative and quantitative changes have taken place in the mammalian fauna of the region. In addition, the taxonomic status of a number of species has been revised.

Materials and methods of research. The list of mammals of Stavropol region was compiled on the basis of our own long-term research and analysis of literary sources in accordance with modern systematic views on this group of animals.

Results. In total, 90 species of mammals belonging to six orders have been reliably registered on the Stavropol region territory so far: insectivores – 9 species, bats – 19 species, lagomorphs – 1 species, rodents – 35 species, carnivores – 19 species and artiodactyls – 7 species. We did not include a number of species in the list due to the unreliability or lack of their findings in the region as such.

Conclusions. In addition to the previously published list, we provide 9 new species (Myotis davidii, Plecotus macrobullaris, Pipistrellus nathusii, Sylvaemus witherbyi, Sylvaemus ponticus, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis, Procyon lotor, Neovison vison, Capreolus pygargus). Eight species are alien to the region’s fauna (Sciurus vulgaris, Ondatra zibethicus, Marmota bobac, Nyctereutes procyonoides, Procyon lotor, Neovison vison, Capreolus pygargus, Cervus nippon).

Introduction. Student immigration is considered as one of the most active forms of youth spatial mobility. The main task of the study is to develop conceptual approaches and a program for studying the spatial features of student immigration in Russia.

Materials and research methods. The study is based on the analysis of extensive literature materials that reveal the main theoretical and methodological provisions of the analysis of educational migrations. Their strengths and weaknesses have been established, the need to develop new approaches related to identifying the spatial aspects of international student migration has been proved.

Results of the study and their discussion. Based on the key theoretical and methodological provisions and the revealed facts, taking into account our own proposals and accumulated experience, a conceptual scheme and a program for studying the features of the spatial differentiation of student migration in Russia have been developed. As core areas of research, the following are proposed: identifying spatio-temporal features of development and differentiation of processes associated with the immigration of foreign students at the global, country and regional-local levels; establishing positional factors influencing decision-making when choosing places to receive higher education abroad; disclosure of intra-country inequality in the distribution of foreign students depending on the characteristics of the sending countries and receiving regions; detection of country and regional models of adaptive behavior of foreign students. In accordance with the logic of the developed concept, a program for studying the spatial features of the immigration of foreign students in Russia is presented. The step-by-step algorithm of the research program includes several stages, reflecting the nature and content of the main tasks to be solved.

Conclusions. An analysis of the state of the theoretical and methodological base on the problem of migration of foreign students made it possible to establish the lack of elaboration of aspects related to the spatial features of their transformation and, in particular, the adaptation of foreign students in host countries. The proposed conceptual approaches and research program are aimed at filling the identified gaps.

Introduction. Territories of traditional nature use (TTNU) of indigenous population are among the most vulnerable to nature management conflicts of different origin: socioeconomic, ecological, institutional. These risks are connected with future changes of nature management practices within the 8 advanced development zones foreseen by the recently adopted Strategy of socioeconomic development of the Russian Arctic till 2035.This document mentions indigenous population rights in the course of the planned land use changes. Nevertheless, indigenous communities may be involved in land use conflicts at TTNU because of the overlapping by new land use patterns of new stakeholders. Another problem concerns land use adaptation to modern climate change. Accumulation of appropriate information for indigenous communities’ decision making is very often a difficult process: it is very diverse and scattered. Modern approaches to database composition enable to elaborate a statistical, institutional and spatial data platform for information support of territorial planning procedures at TTNU, especially helpful for indigenous communities living at remoted territories. The goal of this investigation is the elaboration of a multi-functional information platform based on blockchain principles needed to achieve adaptive development of TTNU involved in the process of land use patterns transformation. Blockchain methodology helps to arrange the accumulated data connected with nature management practice and receive a new knowledge for practical use and scientific research development independent from stakeholders lobby groups.

Study area. The study area includes territories of the 8 advanced development zones in the Russian Arctic with Saami, Komi-Izma, Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, Sel’kups, Evenk, Reindeer Yakut, Cuckchi, Dolgans population living there. It is about 3,2% from the region’s population. Up to 25% of the indigenous population is occupied in traditional economy. The study area is situated in the Subarctic and Arctic geographical zones with severe climatic conditions. The dominant environment includes tundra of different types and forest-tundra with rare patches of northern taiga at the southern limit. The geological and tectonic structure of the territory provokes a possibility of earthquakes. Permafrost disruptions are typical. It is stimulated by climatic warming which also causes a risk of radical changes in traditional occupations :loss of hunting and fishing resources, reindeer pastures productivity, etc. Changes of ecological situation may be mainly connected with modern air and water pollution in industrial impact zones and mechanical disruptions. This diverse information is needed for adaptive spatial planning procedures at TTNU to follow the principles of sustainable development disclosed by the Arctic Council documents.

Materials and methods. The investigation is based on the recently published socioeconomic, environmental, ecological statistical and spatial data, field experience in the region as well as in joint international projects with RAIPON. The theoretical fundamentals of the work are based on several concepts of WEF blockchain building, approaches to system analysis in ecology and ecological-economic basic concepts.

Results. The origin of nature management conflicts, is usually connected with an excessive exploitation of regulation and provisioning ecosystem services’ pools. Patterns of such conflicts were presented. Rare are relevant remarks concerning information (spiritual) ecosystem services supporting social cohesion, cultural traditions, sense of place, etc., important for indigenous communities to preserve their identities. This topic was discussed separately. The Federal legislation guarantees the rights of indigenous communities, but to protect themselves they need to consider various data. Similar data is necessary for them to manage TTNU, regarding present climatic changes. This information is necessary to promote adaptive regional development beneficial for regional sustainability. The procedure of conflict detection and forecast for a certain territory is based on separate data sets analysis by independent stakeholders. But nowadays regional data sets are centralized, often not updated in time, not easy to reach. Blockchain structure may be useful to avoid such obstacles, especially when a certain database will be used to record operational processes and ongoing changes in land use connected with their new patterns and climate change. Blockchain methodology may be used to elaborate a distributed register of large various data sets, including visualization of statistics, which may be very helpful for decision making by stakeholders at TTNU and reliable accounting of ongoing land use changes. Blockchain transaction model for nature management at TTNU was elaborated. Data on possible land cover transitions and their results at TTNU were analyzed. Blockchain users were outlined and necessary datasets were described. The structure composition of the suggested model was connected with available information for sets saturation and may be enlarged in future. Obstacles in blockchain approach use at TTNU were discussed.

Discussion. Blockchain technologies proved to be useful in many spheres of economic activities. Examples of blockchain use in nature conservation practice, green energy development, pollution control, etc. were presented as well as blockchain technologies use to solve ecological problems highlighted by the Fourth World Economic Forum. The presented here blockchain structure corresponds to these challenges. But its structure at the same time it is different from the “entirely ecological” direction of blockchain use. Additional information is necessary for nature management, i.e. integrated data processing concerning economic, ecological, environmental, ethniccultural, etc. data. The proper nature management needs interdisciplinary solutions which are reflected in our assets structure. Interdisciplinary solution includes information about specific “revolt” factors in panarchy social-ecological nature management systems (when fast, small events overwhelm large, slow ones). This information is often connected with industrial and transport infrastructure development and should be considered to provide sustainability to indigenous population living at the territories of the advanced economic development as well as demonstrate risks to TTNU connected with climate change and other natural hazards.

Conclusion. Blockchain technology characterize the Fourth Industrial Revolution meeting the challenges of present and future time. The advantages of blockchain approach use at TTNU include the following: — providing a multi-functional platform necessary to ensure multistakeholders’ interests, indigenous communes being among them. — arranging data bases for territorial and local (within TTNU) planning practice contributing to sustainable development and adaptation to modern climate change. — supporting temporal-spatial data assets independent storage and their constant updating available for indigenous communities (and other stakeholders). — supplying new data necessary to forecast nature management conflicts at TTNU. Blockchain solution presented here may promote sustainable pattern of the Arctic zone pioneer economic development regarding indigenous population well-being and ensure optimal use of its nature capital via public-private collaboration.

Introduction. In the world practice of using technologies for increasing of production one of the most widely used method for bottom-hole zone treatment for increasing or restoration of wells productivity is acid treatment of productive formation. Acid treatments of productive formation is the essential one in a group of methods for bottom-hole zone treatment directed on maintenance of project well production of gas fields and underground gas storages. Essential aim of acid treatment of gas fields and underground gas storages wells is restoration of reservoir properties in near wellbore zone of productive formation by destruction, transfer to the solution and removing to the bore hole wasting solid particles of natural and technogenic origin, as well as by improvement of filtration characteristics of bottom-hole zone of productive formation by means of expansion of existing and creating of new channels for fluid migration by all length of perforated interval.

Materials and research methods. As the base reagents, used for acid treatment, could be declared hydrochloric (HCl) and hydrofluoric (HF) acids. In the article discussed questions of different factors influence to efficiency of acid treatment. Described mechanism of reaction of acid compound with rock of productive formation, essential principles for choosing of acid compound for terrigenous reservoir.

Research results and their discussion. It is shown analysis of field data about results of acid treatments, done during of workover in wells of one of underground gas storage from 2014 to 2021, information about number of acid treatments, used acid compounds, technological and economic parameters, which allows to estimate efficiency for done activities.

Conclusions. Basing on the results of analysis it is down conclusions about possible directions for increasing efficiency of terrigenous reservoir acid treatments in underground gas storage wells.

Introduction. The article considers the issue of assessing the technological efficiency of the well killing process, taking into account changes in the reservoir properties of the productive formation when using various compositions of process fluids. Innovative technologies are presented that are used when killing wells in various mining and geological conditions to block the bottomhole formation zone.

Materials and methods of research. The study is based on a summary of many years of experience in the field of creation and practical use of process fluids for killing wells and on the results of theoretical, laboratory, bench studies of killing fluids and blocking compositions, performed in specialized scientific laboratories using specialized laboratory equipment according to standard methods for the oil and gas industry.

Research results and discussion. The compositions of process fluids are presented, which are easily removed when inducing inflow from the formation, and which allow to provide the required pressure at the bottomhole, as well as to maintain the reservoir properties of the productive formation and prevent its damage. The results of killing wells with the use of various compositions of process fluids with high stability, low filtration, in a wide range of adjustable density and rheological properties, which allow creating the necessary repression on the formation and performing various operations in the well, are considered. The article also provides information on the analytical studies carried out within the framework of the given problem. The results made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the use of various types of fluids for killing oil, gas, gas condensate wells under conditions of abnormally low reservoir pressures and elevated reservoir temperatures. Consideration is given to the liquids with an acidsoluble condensable solid phase, the formation of which in solution is due to the occurrence of physicochemical processes between its components; biopolymer-based liquids containing various fillers and functional additives; viscoelastic compositions reinforced with solid-state lamellar and fibrous particles of organic and mineral origin (for example, bridging additive brand «OM-2C») based on commercially available polymer reagent «Binar»; emulsion-type kill fluids containing surfactants and a hydrocarbon phase. The main rheological and technological parameters, as well as the properties of the proposed process fluids for killing wells, are described.

Сonclusions. Based on the study, it was determined that the most promising technology for killing wells under conditions of abnormally low formation pressures is the technology of preliminary blocking of the bottomhole formation zone using special compositions of process fluids with controlled rheological parameters, taking into account the characteristics of the formation, technologically applicable in special climatic conditions with low negative temperatures. It has also been established that ensuring high efficiency of repair work is impossible without performing theoretical calculations and laboratory studies with modeling the process of blocking the bottomhole zone during well killing and subsequent development.

Introduction. When designing pipelines and technological installations for the preparation of reservoir products, one of the main parameters necessary for calculations is the viscosity of the oil-water emulsion. In this work, the goal was to test the operability of the correlation dependences of the viscosity of oil and oil-water emulsions on temperature and water content.

Materials and methods of research. In practice, it is not always possible to experimentally determine the viscosity and physico-chemical parameters of the pumped oils, as well as to obtain these values under different external conditions. In this regard, various authors have proposed models that determine the dynamic viscosity of anhydrous oil and an oil-water emulsion.

Results and Discussion. The models proposed by various authors were sorted by application areas and compared with each other. The calculated and experimental data obtained during the physical modeling of the viscosity of various oil-water emulsions with temperature changes were compared. A comparative analysis of the suitability of rheological models of water-oil emulsions for oil fields in Eastern Siberia has been carried out. In models containing empirical coefficients, they were determined for various oils and temperatures.

Conclusion. The article describes and verifies 12 empirical dependencies of oil viscosity, for each of which a conclusion is made about the suitability of its use for the oils of Eastern Siberia. It is proposed to improve one of the models by including a temperature dependence in it.

Introduction. When developing productive deposits containing hard-to-recover oil reserves, the main difficulty is associated with low values of the reservoir properties of the reservoirs and their significant heterogeneity. The use of hydraulic fracturing technology allows solving these problems by increasing the well drainage area, and also as a means of intensifying production.

Materials and methods of research. The study of the process of hydraulic fracture development in the deposits of the Bazhenov formation in a vertical well showed that when water is injected, long narrow fractures are formed in the formation, their filling with subsequent supply of a fracturing fluid with proppant leads to an increase in the width and height of the created fracture. Due to the hydrophobic properties and increased brittleness of the rocks of the Bazhenov formation, an effect similar to hydraulic fracturing is also possible during the injection of water into the formation at high pressures, for example, when organizing a waterflooding system. Another direction is multi-zone hydraulic fracturing. The advantage of this method is the greater distribution of fractures over the area compared to point hydraulic fracturing operations.

Results and Discussion. On the deposits of the Bazhenov formation, pilot work was carried out to create artificial fracturing by pumping water. The positive effect was expressed in a twofold increase in oil recovery in the pilot area. As a negative side effect, a sharp increase in water cut was noted. The experience of using multi-zone hydraulic fracturing in the conditions of the Bazhenov formation was considered on the example of the deposits of the Surgut arch. The dynamics of flow rates and cumulative oil production by wells during operation is presented. Also, a comparison was made of the main performance indicators of wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing with the average indicators of directional wells of the same fields.

Conclusion. The pilot work conducted on water injection into the Bazhenov formation deposits unambiguously showed that additional fracturing is formed in the reservoir and the volume of additional fractured capacity is directly proportional to the volume of injected water. The experience of using multi-zone hydraulic fracturing revealed the advantages of this technology compared to directional wells. Under conditions of reservoir reservoir properties uncertainty, the creation of artificial conductivity using hydraulic fracturing may be the only way to ensure well productivity. MSHF in horizontal wells forms a system of fractures in a large volume and seems to be more effective in such conditions compared to conventional hydraulic fracturing.

Introduction. The article studies the oscillatory modes of the atmosphere of two planets (Jupiter, Venus), taking into account the influence of axial rotation, which affects the occurrence of beating and resonance, and comparing their parameters with the parameters of the Earth’s atmosphere.

Materials and research methods. We consider fluctuations in the atmosphere, which was initially in a state of statics, caused by the initial temperature rise near the earth's surface and the daily rotation of the earth. To describe them, a system is used that includes the equation of motion in the Euler form and expressions that take into account the distribution of temperature and air pressure with height. The case when the rotation of the Earth around its axis leads to significant periodic temperature changes is considered in detail.

Research results and their discussion. The values of the main parameters of the atmosphere of Jupiter and Venus are found in order to study the oscillatory regimes of the atmospheres on these planets and build an appropriate mathematical model. At the beginning, we find the standard parameters of velocity amplitudes, temperatures, Brunt-Väisälä frequencies in order to calculate the quantities included in the system of equations describing the fluctuations of air in the atmosphere and build the corresponding graphs of these equations for the purpose of their further analysis. Solutions for oscillatory processes are obtained when daily changes in air temperature are taken into account.

Conclusions. It is shown that in the standard atmosphere the axial rotation of the planet does not affect the oscillatory processes in the atmosphere, while the terrain is taken into account. However, there is a case when the difference between the above frequencies is extremely small or zero (this is possible at). If the frequency of Brent – Väisälä coincides with the frequency of the daily rotation of the Earth or their difference is insignificant, then phenomena such as resonance or beats occur, which are considered in detail.