The article studies landslide activity in the sections of highways crossing large landslide massifs in the basins of the Ursdon and Ardon rivers (the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania). The paper presents the results of systematization and analysis of various sources containing information on the location and activity (for 2005-2023) of large landslides crossed by highways in the basins of the Ursdon and Ardon rivers of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. There are practically no such large landslide arrays in the Ursdon River basin, but a significant number of them have been recorded in the Ardon River Valley. The map shows the location of these landslides in the river basins under consideration. Some qualitative and quantitative (area, volume, power) characteristics of landslide massifs crossed by roads are given, and a brief description of the soils that form them is given. An analysis of the most significant activations that occurred on these landslides during the studied period of time is carried out, and sections of roads located in the zone of their action are identified. The main natural and man-made factors causing the constant and periodic activation of the studied large landslides are characterized. The different degree of manifestation of these factors in different years causes different activity of deformation stresses on the studied landslide massifs and, accordingly, different degrees of damage to the road surface and road infrastructure in the zone of their influence. During the time period under review (2005-2023), the threat and degree of their deformation (damage, destruction) by landslide masses were assessed for the sections of highways located in the area of the studied landslides, and quantitative characteristics of the damage were given. An analysis of the socio-economic consequences of the identified, most significant activations of landslide massifs crossed by roads allows us to conclude that their danger to motor traffic in the Ursdon River basin is very low and in the Ardon River valley it is rather high.

The article studies theoretical and methodological issues of resilience of the sectors of the domestic light industry in the spatio-temporal aspect. Based on the concept of cyclicity and resilience, the authors presented the analysis of the state of light industry in the post-Soviet period, revealing the dynamics of the development of its key sectors in the territorial context. The object is light industry, which is the oldest industry of both the world and national economy, is characterized by structural complexity and variety of functions performed. The article emphasizes that throughout the long history, light industry experienced periods of rise and crises caused by the consequences of industrial revolutions, the development of world trade, and the emergence of new goods. The shocks and stresses of various depths and coverage of the territory were manifested both at the global and regional levels, Russia included. Special territorial organization of the light industry has developed in Russia, regions and cities have been formed with specialization in the production of fabrics, clothing and shoes. Currently, they are experiencing complex transformation processes. They are in search of ways to overcome the crisis, due to an increase in competition from the Asian countries and restrictions on the part of the West. The stability of light industry to the sanctions (shock) restrictions and challenges of the world context is the basis for sustainable development of the regions of central Russia and its cities, for which these production are city-forming. Studies have shown that the textile industry is least dependent on external challenges. It is characterized by relative resilience compared to knitting and shoe industries. In the territorial context, the Central Federal District turned out to be the most shock-resistant due to the diverse nomenclature series of products, high concentration and modernization of production. Less stable is the Far-Eastern Federal District with a small number of own enterprises and the proximity of Asian industries.

The article studies the relevance of social media in shaping the ideas of modern society about the world and developing the cities. The importance of cities in general and student cities in particular for the organization of space and the socio-economic well-being of the state is described. The review of literary sources in the field of imaginal geography, geographical research based on big data and obtained using modern technologies, and also describes the theoretical foundations associated with the study of student cities in Russia and abroad. The methodology of this study is described. A graph has been drawn up reflecting the main indicators of the student city and a model of the typology of student cities has been proposed. Key cities have been selected for a detailed geoinformation analysis of the sociomedia geospatial environment. A spatially distributed database of messages about key cities in social media has been created. In the future, it can be used for geoinformation support of marketing strategies for their development. Typical features of the territorial structure of the sociomedia geospatial of the student cities of the North Caucasus at the country, regional and municipal levels are revealed. Common features and differences of key cities have been identified in a number of indicators: the number of social media posts about the city, audience, engagement, CM Index, the share of publications outside the region, tonality, and others. It has been found that the student factor has too little influence on the representation of cities in social media, especially in the case of the city of Mineralnye Vody. A  comparative analysis of sociomedia geospatial indicators for 2021 and 2025 has been carried out. The main factors that influenced the changes in the geospatial structure over the past four years have been identified.

The article studies population migration as an important factor in the demographic and socio-economic development of Russia. The study is based on official statistics for 2020-2024 and specifies the main trends and factors of urban population migration, as well as temporal and regional features of migration growth, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic factor on the change in the migration. In addition to traditional comparative geographical and cartographic research methods, the work used geoinformation tools. Cartographic works were developed using the QGIS (Quantum GIS) geoinformation platform. The geodatabase was formed in Microsoft Excel. The statistical basis of the cartographic materials is the coefficients of migration growth of the regions of Russia in 2020-2024, as well as the stability of migration growth/decline of the population. The most attractive/unattractive regions of Russia for migrants are identified. The most appealing for migrants are the most successful in socio-economic development subjects of the Russian Federation, namely Moscow and St. Petersburg, Moscow, Leningrad and Tyumen regions, Krasnodar Krai, etc. The main donor regions in migration exchange are most of the regions of the Far North and the Far East, as well as the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District. This trend will lead to weakening of the demographic potential of semi-peripheral and peripheral regions of Russia. The latest trends in regional features of population migration are the growth of migration attractiveness of the regions of the Far North and the Asian part of Russia and a significant increase in the number of territories with migration growth in 2023-2024, which is due to the increasing role of socio-economic and demographic factors in the development of Russia.

The object of the study is the change in seasonal and annual temperatures in the European territory from 1500 to 2004, obtained from open sources using proxy data (1500–1900) and instrumental data (1900–2004), as well as climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and in the south of European Russia from 1961 to 2024 according to instrumental measurements. For the models of annual and seasonal European temperatures built by the sinusoidal regression method, periodicities were determined that simulate the process at a statistically significant level. Regression analysis showed that all trends are positive and, despite small R2 values, significant at the 5 % level. In a series of European annual temperatures, cold extremes occurred before the 20th century, and all warm extremes in the 20th and early 21st centuries. As a result of spectral analysis, it was found that for the European average annual temperature series from 1500 to 2004, the main periods were identified: 30-year and 3–4-year quasi-periodicity. Using the wavelet transform, the periodicities of the series were determined on different time scales, which demonstrated the fact that statistically significant periodicity scales in the time series of 1500-2004 are not only present but they evolve. The linear trend of annual temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere and the south of the European Russia in the modern period (1961-2024) demonstrates a steady increase at a rate of 0.24 °C/10 years and 0.28 °C/10 years. In the modern period, both for the Northern Hemisphere and for the south of the European Russia, intra-decadal periodicities of annual temperatures (2–3–4 years) are decisive. From the sinusoidal regression model, it follows that the 3-year periodicity that forms the series is defined as the main one already when using the first three harmonics in the model. In the formation of the temperature regime, 9–10-year periods are added, determined, probably, by the known cyclicity of solar activity.

Agriculture in Russia is facing various climatic cataclysms (droughts, floods, frosts, and hailstorms), with hailstorms being one of the most destructive. Hailstorms can cause significant damage to crops, which can have a negative impact on the economy. As a result, military-style services are actively working to protect agricultural land from this natural phenomenon. There are cases when it is not possible to prevent hailstorms, due to objective reasons, and then it is necessary to assess the damage caused to crops. The article presents a combined remote sensing method for assessment of hail damage to crops in the Krasnodar Krai using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) [1]. Satellite images of agricultural crops located in the Krasnodar Krai, taken before the hailstorm, and multispectral images taken by the Geoscan Gemini UAV after the hailstorm caused damage to the crops were used for the analysis. A comparative analysis of the NDVI values before and after the hailstorm allowed for quantitative assessment of the damage to the crops. The methodology was tested on wheat, barley, and sugar beet crops after the hailstorm on June 12, 2025. It has been established that a decrease in NDVI by more than 30% in most cases corresponds to a complete loss of the crop. The developed approach can be used for prompt assessment of agricultural damage, agrometeorological monitoring and decision-making in the field of agricultural insurance and crop management.

Gradually, gas production in Russia is moving to locations with increasingly harsh climatic conditions, which requires engineers and scientists to constantly improve technologies and find practical applications for innovative materials. The article discusses the main current methods of fighting hydrate formation, as well as the prospects for using aerogel in this area. Aerogel is a unique, lightweight and environmentally friendly material with ultra-low thermal conductivity, which makes it attractive for use in utility networks in order to maintain stable temperature of the pumped agent. The key objective of the study is to minimize and eliminate temperature drops during gas transportation, as a key factor in the formation of hydrate crystals. The basic properties of aerogel are described and analyzed, as well as the possibility and experience of using the material in the oil and gas industry to tackle hydrate formation. The article considers the calculation of the effectiveness of using aerogel as insulation of a gas pipeline relative to the main competitors in the market, and shows the values of temperature losses during gas transportation when using various types of insulation. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of the thermal insulation properties of aerogel, and also confirm the possibility of its use in the oil and gas industry. The key disadvantage of the material is the relatively high cost of production, which affects the economic feasibility of the application. To date, active work is underway to reduce the cost, scale and optimize aerogel production worldwide. To eliminate the possibility of hydrate formation, it is not enough to use only an effective heat insulator. It is necessary to apply an integrated approach based on maintaining certain thermobaric conditions in the pipeline.

Downhole systems of dual completion / injection have recently proven to be a useful tool for solving various types of tasks to increase oil recovery, monitor field development, reduce capital costs, including within the conditions of limited drilling opportunities (offshore platforms, remote fields), etc.

The assemblies of dual completion / injection systems are designed for simultaneous operation separate development targets through a single borehole, which allows engineers to regulate production and injection. The up-to-date solutions for such systems ensure a more detailed monitoring of the development by equipping various types of sensors and autonomous inflow control devices. However, in case of the dual injection assembly, in particular in injection wells, the system is often equipped with one common flowmeter at a wellhead, and therefore there is no understanding of injection within a separate interval. These features impose restrictions on the processes of injection monitoring and maintaining the level of required compensation for certain targets.

This paper presents an approach to assessing the injectivity of wells equipped with the dual completions technology. The algorithm is based on the analysis of actual readings from pressure sensors, calculations are performed using the equation for determining the fluid rate based on the pressure drop in the choke. The main uncertainty in the estimates lies in the correctness of the input parameter of the flow coefficient, the assessment of which is the subject of a significant part of the study. Based on the analysis, correlations were found between the rate factor and the injectivity indicators, the choke cross-sectional area, and pressure friction losses. Based on the resulting correlations, the total injectivity in the well was estimated, as well as the injectivity in the injection intervals.